far-reaching machinationrnof nationalism and fromrnan agrarian pattern ofrnoccupation to the industrialrnone. . . .rnfar-reaching machinationsrnof nationalism and fromrnan agrarian pattern ofrnoccupation to the industrialrnone. . . .rnPlagiarism continues throughout eight of the remaining 13rnparagraphs of the essay.rnFrom the introduction to King’s “The Origin of Religionrnin the Race”:rnKing:rnBefore we come to considerrnsome modern theories itrnmay be well to refer brieflyrnto two views which werernonce widely prevalent, butrnwhich are now obsolete orrnat least absolescent Isic].rnPlagiarized source:rnBefore we come to considerrnsome modern theories itrnmay be well to refer brieflyrnto two views which werernonce widely prevalent, butrnwhich are now obsolete orrnobsolescent.rnOnly three of the remaining 22 paragraphs in the essay arernnot replete with verbatim plagiarisms, often of entire paragraphs.rnFrom King’s essay on “The Humanity and Divinity ofrnJesus”:rnKing:rnIf there is any one thing ofrnwhich modern Christiansrnhave been certain it is thatrnJesus was a true man, bonernof our bone, flesh of ourrnflesh, in all points temptedrnas we are. . . . Like the restrnof us, he got hungry. Whenrnat the well of Sameria [sic]rnhe asked the woman whornwas drawing water for arndrink. When he grew tired,rnhe needed rest and sleep. .rn. . On the Cross, he addedrnto all physical tortures thernfinal agony of feelingrnCod-forsaken.rnPlagiarized sources:rnIf there is any one thing ofrnwhich Christiansrnhave been certain it is thatrnJesus is true man, bonernof our bone, flesh of ourrnflesh, in all points temptedrnas we are. . . . Like the restrnof us, he was hungry.rnAt the well at Samariarnhe asked the woman whornwas drawing water for arndrink. When he grew tired,rnhe needed rest and sleep. .rn. . On the Cross, he addedrnto all physical tortures thernfinal agony of feelingrnGod-forsaken.rnRegarding some of the other essays King wrote for ProfessorrnDavis, of the 37 paragraphs in his essay on “The Influence ofrnthe Mystery Religions on Christianity,” 11 are recycled fromrntwo essays written in previous years and 24 of the remaining 26rnparagraphs are replete with verbatim plagiarisms. In “ThernChief Characteristics and Doctrines of Mahayana Buddhism,”rn16 of the 20 paragraphs are stolen directly from unacknowledgedrnsources. In “Religion’s Answer to the Problem of Evil,”rnonly 14 of the 38 paragraphs are free of verbatim plagiarisms.rnAgain, Carson concludes from these “engaged” essays.rnwhich Davis routinely gave “A’s,” and from the nine coursesrnKing took from Davis, that the student and the professor werernmerely “compatible.” A simpler conclusion is that the professorrnhad been snowed. We know from comments written onrnKing’s essays that some professors reprimanded him for incompleternfootnotes, but there is no evidence to indicate thatrnthey ever realized the extent of King’s pilfering.rnThe editors admit in their introduction that King’s essaysrnpossess “unacknowledged textual appropriations,” which “meetrna strict definition of plagiarism,” but they hasten to assure usrnthat there is still no “definite answer to the question whetherrnKing deliberately violated the standards that applied to him asrna student.” If the editors do not know what academic standardsrnare, at least King himself did. He plainly states on pagernseven of his dissertation, “The present inquiry will utilize fromrnthese valuable secondary sources any results which bear directlyrnon the problem, and will indicate such use by appropriaternfootnotes,” and then proceeds to steal word-for-wordrnand without any acknowledgment whatsoever huge sectionsrnfrom the thesis of Jack Boozer.rnEugene Genovese also admits King’s pilferage, but writes offrnits significance as a mere “impatience with scholarly procedures,”rnsomething that should not diminish our appreciationrnof King’s “fine” mind. After all. King may have plagiarized hisrnway through college, seminary, and graduate school, but thisrnwas “not an expression of laziness or an unwillingness to do thernrequired work”! How can we ever know?rnWhile Carson and his fellow apologists are making arnheroic effort to palliate King’s literary and academicrnshenanigans, Keith Miller boldly takes the bull by the horns.rnAn assistant professor of English at Arizona State University,rnMiller cheerfully admits King’s plagiarisms, or rather hisrn”unattributed appropriations,” “intertextualizations,” “incorporations,”rn”borrowings,” “alchemizing,” “overlapping,”rn”adopting,” “synthesizing,” “replaying,” “echoing,” “resonances,”rn”reverberations,” and “voice merging.” But far fromrnwanting to trivialize the facts. Miller argues that King’s pilferagernwas intentional, and even an integral and laudatory partrnof the civil rights movement. For by interweaving stolen textsrninto his speeches and essays, and by stealing in particular thernwords of liberal white ministers. King “foolproofed his discourse”rnand was able to “change the minds of moderate andrnuncommitted whites” toward solving “the nation’s mostrnhorrific problem—racial injustice.” This “method of composition”rnis what Miller terms “voice merging” and associatesrnwith the borrowing of sermons common among black folkrnpreachers.rnThe most useful portions of this book are those in whichrnMiller sets forth the sources of King’s nonacademic works.rnHe occasionally mentions King’s famous antiwar speeches thatrnwere ghostwritten by Andrew Young and other supporters, butrnhe highlights the pilfered sources behind King’s landmark orationsrnon civil rights. King’s Nobel Prize Lecture, for example,rnis plagiarized extensively from works by Florida minister J.rnWallace Hamilton; the sections on Gandhi and nonviolence inrnhis “Pilgrimage” speech are stolen virtually verbatim fromrnHarris Wofford’s speech on the same topic; the frequently replayedrnclimax to the “1 Have a Dream” speech—the “fromrnevery mountainside, let freedom ring” portion—is taken directlyrnfrom a 1952 address to the Republican National Conventionrnby a black preacher named Archibald Carey; the 1968rnNOVEMBER 1992/29rnrnrn