they appeal to the authority of Scripturen(which many Christians and Jewsnwould want to do), but because theyninsist that their conclusions do notnallow room for discussion.nNeuhaus indicts the politically liberalnestablishment of main-line Protestantismneven more severely. They areneliminated in the search for a publicnphilosophy because they too often failnNeuhaus’s requirement that one mustnbelieve that, on balance and...

which is a microcosm of the largescalenstruggle between organisms. Notneven the sanctity of our cells is respected.nCytoplasm may be in competitionnwith nuclei in determining the sexnratios of gametes (sex cells), and mitocJiondrian(organelles involved in energynrelease) may be in origin invadingncells, bits of protein which have establishedna symbiotic relationship withnthe rest of the cell—a parasite at...

distribution of wealth and socialnpower remains.nThe fact that Americans live on annunprecedented scale of affluencenwould not, I think, impress them. Nonaspect of their argument is untaintednby ideology. Even the typographynmakes a statement: time after time a sicnis put after a quotation as if to say,n”Look, these people are self-evidentlynabsurd.”n”An orerlly exfjresucd politkal coniniilnienlnJIK’H iiol debar...

he liveliest DebatenIn America Is BetweennConservatives.nRead it innPolicy Review.nThe freshest thinking in America is comning from conservatives, many of whomndisagree with each other No magazinenbetter captures this debate’s richnessnand diversity than Policy Review, pub-nHshed quarterly by The HeritagenFoundation.nEvery issue of Policy Review asks emincni con.serxatives—fromnIrving Kristol to Jerry Falwell, from IJN I Gingrichnto Milton Friedman—to...

of the media, crass commercialism, the love of luxuriousnconsumption, support of the rich and indifference to thenpoor, an old-fashioned, hollow patriotism, the defense ofncapitalism and American power.nReagan is also regarded as trigger-happy, aggressive, andnprovocative toward the Soviet Union. His “evil empire”ncharacterization of the Soviet Union was repeatedly mentionednwith great consternation. (Even in Hungary, wherenhostility of...

American society and policies voiced in Western Europenwere almost identical with the major strands of socialncriticism directed at American institutions and policies atnhome. While such a convergence is presumably largely anmatter of osmosis, I was also given examples of situations innwhich American social critics instructed their Europeanncounterparts or provided them with cues to follow. AnSwedish...

26/CHRONICLES OF CULTUREnor perfection. It is pollution if a priestnhas only one eye or if a man confoundsnthe order of things by mating with hisnsister. Morality is more a question ofnrights. It protects a husband againstnadultery, but Holiness separates whatnshould be kept separate. Incest, adultery,nand homosexuality are abominationsnnot so much because they infringenupon anyone’s rights...

The New Republic has published annanniversary issue (1914-1984) devotednto its own history. Professor John P.nDiggins subtitles this epic as “seventynyears of enlightened mistakes, principledncompromises, and unconventionalnwisdom”—an absolution by way ofnparadoxes. In fact. Prof. Diggins’s reportnreads as a tale of foolish wise mennwho may always claim the privilege ofna time-warp or historical corrective,nwhich delivers them from...

Cleanth Brooks has been named then1985 Jefferson Lecturer by the NationalnEndowment for the Humanities.nMr. Brooks, who is best known for hisnworks of literary theory and his expositionsnof William Faulkner, is one ofnthe last of the band of prophets whonfound themselves at Vanderbilt Universitynin the 1920’s. Too young tonSocinian SocialismnThe worst thing that can hajapen tonmost...

Pulpits and thenPressn”The grand Pulpit is now the Press,”nThomas Carlyle argued a century andna half ago, adding that “the truenChurch of England, at this moment,nlies in the Editors of its Newspapers.nThese preach to the people daily,nweekly; admonishing kings themselves;nadvising peace or war, with an authoritynwhich only the first Reformers, andna long past clan of Popes...

A PRUDENT PROGRESSIVE by Leopold TymandnWhen I first came to these shores,nalmost 20 years ago, an escapee fromncommunism’s lethal embrace, a sort ofnantiwar was raging here. I felt betrayed.nAs anyone who lived under thenmost intricate tyranny of mind andnbody, I believed it every free man’snsacrosanct duty to combat communism’snreptile stranglehold on truthnand humanness with every...

the cultural and linguistic rootlessnessnimplicit in Petworth’s standard lecturenon “The English Language as a Mediumnof International Communication.”nSimilarly, the otherness of the communistnstate manifests itself not so muchnin the chaos of the country’s five rates ofncurrency exchange as in the prices thensystem exacts for activities, like writing,nwhich to us are comparatively free.nMarisja Lubijova, Petworth’s lively andnprotective...

giving up their autonomy), their verynprofusion in this fairly short workndetracts from a sense of direction. Notnuntil the international race car rally innthe late chapters does the novel regainnits initial momentum. Nor does the mainncharacter sustain excitement. A playboynwho is boring and egocentric, a politicalnfigure without intense ambition ornconviction, Andrei Luchnikov emergesnas something of a...

which is roughly similar to the Sprint.nThey have also built a massive phasednarray radar at Abalakova to direct ABM’snin violation of the ABM Treaty. Thisntreaty seems a dead letter as far as thenU.S.S.R is concerned. They have violatednit repeatedly since its inception. Thisngives the lie to Tsipis’s claim that the U.S.nand U.S.S.R. signed the treaty...

various radical causes which Moscownsupports. This is manifest in the arguments,nechoed by Tsipis, that for the U.S.nto gain an advantage in space would bendestabilizing because the Soviets wouldnbe in an inferior position. The Sovietnthreat to America would be reduced,nclearly a good thing to the country atnlarge, but a possibility which sendsntremors of anxiety through the...

Jni KNI ISMnA Plague onnBoth Your HousesnWomen have always been our censors.nMrs. Grundy ^ras a household wordnfor inflexible propriety a good 30 yearsnbefore Dr. Bowdler produced his expurgatednversion of Shakespeare. Times andnmanners change, and the American Mrs.nGrundys took up, in succession, Abolition,nWomen’s Suffrage, and Temperance,nbut it remained true that:nMany are afiaid of Crodnand more of...

responsible for programming content.nHollywood has reached the same conclusion.nAccording to a recent LosnAngeles Times feature, the sheer profitabilitynof gore films has induced Hollywoodnto ignore “the fierce debate… onnthe matter of the effect on the viewers”nand to proceed with “blood sport.”nResponding to adverse criticism ofngraphic depictions of brutality andnvictimization of women, one moneymakingndirector said: “These films...

more can be gained by confronting “thengrand actuality” than by wishing it awaynin a haze of “forceless generalities andnfalse comforts.”nAs a spokesman for the trend in anthropologynemphasizing symbols andnmeanings, Geertz is highly regarded. Henstudied at Harvard, MIT, and Stanfordnand has taught at Berkeley, Chicago, andnOxford. He is now a professor at Princeton’snInstitute for Advanced Study....

Geertz’s assertion that anthropologicalnwritings are fictions; “fictions, in thensense that they are ‘something made,’n’something fashioned,’ not that they arenfiilse, unfectual, or merely ‘as if’ thoughtnexperiments.” Cultural analysis, henclaims, is intrinsically incomplete.nInterpretive anthropology is a sciencenwhose progress is marked less by perfectionnof consensus than by refinement ofndebate: “There are no conclusions to benreported; there is merely...

(Russell Kirk, continued from page 19)nroad back to brutishness.nThere is always in cultural observance a little gesture ofnpiety, a recognition that there are higher demands on mannalong with the lower Then there is the further considerationnthat a culture is aprotection against fenaticism both of thenpolitical and the religious kind. If there is nothing but a...

betrayed his friends, so that everybodynwould forever look on him as a traitornand spit on his grave.”nBut if the communist movement didnattract the idealistic, including especiallynthe young, once in power a communistnregime is absolutely insensitive “tonmoral beauty, to any show of nobility”:n”their response to the gesture of thenknight who throws down his gauntlet,”nMarkov writes, “is...

provided in life, despite communistnexpertise at moral assassinations as welln(one of them wrote of him after he leftnBulgaria: “We hope that in the West theynknow how to bury dogs”). Though thencommunists may be blind to moralnnobility, they harbor a lurking fear that anmoment may come when the festivencrowds in the Sofia streets chanting theirnwell-worn slogans...

his wife discovers tliat lie isnturning into a Peeping Tom, hisnresponse is not shame but annoutraged accusation: “Whatnabout my privacy?” Her answer,n”I didn’t mean irom me!” is thenflashpoint of their brief marriage.nThe title story is the mostnexplicitly philosophical andnseems to approach the metaphysicalnquality of FlannerynO’Connor. In a rare fit of lucidity,nthe schizophrenic mother of andisabled...

Meanwhile, as Ein Verlorenes Berlin is touring Europeannfestivals, which are often attended by the curators of otherninternational festivals (New York, Filmex in Los Angeles,nSydney, etc.), we are often asked whether there will be annEnglish version of our film. In reply, we explain that we wouldnlike not to translate the German film with either voice-overnEnglish speakers...

Unclassical TragedynBob Woodward: Wired: The ShortnTimes & Fast Life of John Belushi;nSimon and Schuster; New York.nby Todd G. BucdiolznBob Woodward is an aggressivenjournalist who has helped reveal thensecrets of Supreme Court Justices and anpresident. Like his previous efforts,nWired is a best-seller full of gossip andnintrigue. Excerpts have appeared in thenWashington Post, New York Post, andnPlayboy.nJohn...

trillion dollar national debt as toonmuch of a good thing, but, just asnhe expected, those buying Tbillsnare hopeful that the governmentnwill survive to pay interest.nGovernment debts to Americansnbecome more problematic, however,nwhen the debtor governmentnis not our own but a foreignnone, especially an unpopular foreignnregime which prohibits freenenterprise among its own citizens.nIndeed in Endless EnemiesnJonathan Kwitny,...

attacks. Like the Pharisee, he’d rather notnbe inconvenienced and would rathernpass by on the other side.nWeil, enough. But two final points: Indon’t have to use Bartlett’s (I don’t ownna copy, and I’ve taught Dryden, Burke,nand Waugh for 25 years), and I’ve justnretired aliter 35 years of enlisted andncommissioned service in the UnitednStates Navy and Naval...

in for seating. As The Economist describednthe effect, it was “more a gi^enthan a gig.” This travesty of Balanchine’snchoreography was part of a celebrationnof the Italian Communist Party’s/estondeH’unitanIt’s too bad Balanchine couldn’t havenbeen there to see it. Before his defectionnin 1924, he had danced in performancesngiven for the party leadership in thenSoviet Union. Waiting in...

Pathetic ConwelynAl one time it ^as^(.•ll iiiitifisloodnIhiit conu-tly ii’i|iiircd a religionsnuiKlcrpiniiiiig. To Daiiic. the nioilcmnaddiliDii oftlie word Dirhic lo thenoriginal title {(.Ditnnceliti) of hisneo-sinic ejiic would seem superlkioiis.n’I’o him and most of’his contemporariesnit was oi’)vi(>iis that withoutn(iod no narrative eoiild ever endnjoyl’iill): there could be no ««divinenct)medy. Since Dante, however,npoets, authors, and dramatists havenoften constructed...

strongly recommended his employment.nThe anonymous negative evaluations,nhe believes, came usually fromnpeople who did not know him well andnwho viewed him politically: they tendednto be anticommunists, often ex-communists.nMoreover, assessments werenpassed through the mind of the FBI agentnconducting the interviews, who frequentlyndistorted their essence; thenvarious interviews were reviewed bynstill another individual; and finallynKimball’s potential employer had tonweigh...

can never correct the injustice done tonhim. No court exists in which he cannconfront his accusers, most of whom arennow dead in any case. He cannot ask tonhave the file destroyed, for then he couldnnever discover the truth: “how couldnone ever,” he asks, “challenge an anonymousninformant whose identity hadnbeen permanently removed?” Thus hencan only repair...

any given instant, and some only marginally.nFurther, those stimuli that arenattended to are often perceived differentlynby various people. Differences innthe accompanying instructions result innthe people “seeing” different things innidentical situations. The young cognitivenpsychologists understood that perceptualnselection was talcing place; somenstimuli were being excluded and othersninterpreted. Previously held opinionsnalso influenced perceptual selection andnorganization of stimuli. Formerly...

Intellectual andnmoral elegancenare notnout of fashion…nDuring these times, Chronicles ofnCulture remains based on the propositionnthat ideas, attitudes, morals andnmanners still matter—even in anworld that takes itself too seriouslynat one moment and reduces everythingnto trivialities the next.nAt this juncture of history,nChronicles of Culture still insistnthat civilizations are buUt upon a spcncific vision of order and virtiio.nAnd...

disc jockey. But another tack is taken innthe discourse before thought on thatnsubject progresses: Donoghue announces,n”I want to talk about the arts innrelation to the mystery that surroundsnthem.” Surrounds them? What happenednto “in” them? Never mind. We’re dealingnwith obscurities here. One thing is evident,nthough: the mystery is becomingnincreasingly difiuse, cloudy, spectral. InnDonoghue’s scheme it’s almost...

SURVEYnTWO NEW ISSUES OUT NOWnSummer 1984 Vol. 28 no. 2 (121)nHOW VULNERABLE IS THE WEST?nCHINA’S DEMOCRACY MOVEMENTnHUNGARYnOUT OF THE MEMORY HOLEnORWELLnAutumn 1984 Vol. 28 no. 3 (122)nYUGOSLAVIAnTITO AND AFTERnEAST GERMANYnPROTESTS AND PROTESTANTSnTHE SOVIET UNIONnOLD HABITS AND NEW JOKESnAnnual subscription: UK £17 US$39 Elsewhere £20nSingle copies: UK £5 US $ 10nSURVEY Editorial Office:nIlford House, 133 Oxford...

forget the counter benefits of “muchncleaner” streets, lower crime rates, andn”far more efficient” public transportationnthan is found here.nAs much as Soviet leaders rail againstnthe iniquities of American capitalism, thenreader suspects that they are actuallynquite pleased to have a Harvard scholarnequate their problems with those of thenU.S. In framing the comparison Galbraithncomes dangerously close to the...

Democracy, its failures, weaknesses, and sins notwithstanding,nis the only political system in which the entire social bodynis to decide on who should conduct its affeirs in its name. Bynthe electoral process the majority’s opinion is consecrated as ansource of legitimate political power. Annals record manynvariations of democratic societies in which the fate ofnminorities was either...

a man who promised to dilute, if not outrightly annihilate, thenremnants of the American ethos, and the American historicnmission. Patriotism as word and notion had been taken over bynthe Republicans so firmly and convincingly that for the nextndecade it became synonymous with the Republican politicalneffort. As such, it came to serve as a facile target...

CONFLUENCESnFr»m Boring to BotMessnOni- of till- Ixrsi thing’s alioiit most ofnAmLTica’s past I’rcMclcniial clfctiimsnis that thfv have really ilcfidcd sonlittli”. A remarkably centrist eiilturalnanil social consensus has dictated that,ndespite all of the vehement campaignnrheti )ric, hot h nuji )r parties have iisiiall-nafjreed on a wide range of fundamentalnissues. This national consensusnhas otien made for dull...

which the moral code depends is essential.nHis determination to “trace somenmoral chain of being” would have been anfailure had he not had a solid Christiannbase. He would have merely recapitulatednthe work of so many Americannwriters who have tried to separate man’sngood from God’s superintending providence.nCheever wrote,nThe reUgious experience is very muchnmy concern, as it seems...

ideas during the first half of the century,nBloomsbury’s defenders fume impatiently,narguing that a small group ofnprivate individuals who never soughtnpublic office could hardly be termed anconspiracy. The truth lies in between.nrSloomsbury liked to think of itself asna small enclave of culture in the midst ofnboors and barbarians, a gnostic group ofnunconventional people who were farnahead...

most lasting influence on Vanessa wasnthe Post-Impressionists, who shockednthe Edwardians when they viewed thenmajor show arranged by Roger Fry inn1912. What appealed to her was the usenof color and of underlying form tonconstruct space and bring out relationships.nMost of Vanessa’s early work isnclearly derivative, employing the stocknsubjects, such as bathers or haystacks.n1 he horror of...

Although Williams denies, for example,nracial orchestration of the JimmynHoffa jury, the fact remains that hisnselections worked to impanel a heavilynblack jury. He also denies—despite hisnrepeated public profession of demandingn”total control” of any case he accepts—Shavingnasked Joe Louis to shownup in court, or of having Hof& (with thenjudge not yet present) put his armnaround the noted...

ing distinctions. Why do not subsidies tonagriculture count with other subsidiesnas social welfare? They are, after all,ntransfer payments meant to preserve thenfamily farm. However, farmers are notnpart of the welfare coalition. They are independentnand capitalistic with oldfashionednvalues. This liberal trio is notninterested in such people. The same attitudencomes through in references tonreindustrialization. The authors wouldnlike...

Richard Comuelle is rq)ulsed by thenschemes of liberals like Camoy, Shearer,nand Rumberger. To Cornuelle, past programsnthat have expanded the publicnsector are responsible for the continuingneconomic crisis. He defines the crisisnin both social and economic terms,nthough he devotes most of his space tonthe latter. The policies that were originallynsold as measures to increase stabilitynhave actually produced...

through the 1945-1951 period in hisncountry, immediately recognizes thatnNicaragua under the Sandinistas’nyoke is a precise replica of the EasternnEuropean model of the so-calledn”people’s democracy,” where ruthlessnatrocities are committed toninstall the iron-clad communist socialninfrastructure of power, which wouldnmake any political opposition andnprotest impossible. In EasternnEurope, under the avuncular protectionnof the Red Army, the processncould be as...

the balanced budgets. Similarly, Mr.nReagan’s successful handling of thenPresidency is dismissed as unworthy ofnemulation, and he is said to be out ofntouch with reality. His successful leadershipnof public opinion is explained awaynas mere theatrics. No matter what he,nEisenhower, or any other nonliberal maynaccomplish, they lack the necessarynpolitical orientation to earn them theirndue credit.nWilliam Leuchtenburg’s In...

a large number of individuals withinnthe organization, and in symmetricalnfeshion it exacts an equivalent obediencenoutside. The modern corporationnexpects and receives a high levelnof conformity from the many in itsnmanagement. And its property resourcesnaccord it an extensive commandnover the many it employs. Fromnthis flows an extensive submission bynthe citizenry and the state. As in thencase of...

sinking oi the Lusitania in May 1915,nBryan reminded the President and bynimplication his two confidants, EdwardnHouse and Robert Lansing, what truenAmerican neutrality would have consistednof.n1 o understand the American interpretationnof neutrality, it is necessary, asnGeorge Kennan and John Lukacs havensuggested, to look at the cultural fectorsnthat shaped political decisions. Wilson,nHouse, Lansing, and Roosevelt all identifiednthemselves...

afraid of questions because a questionncould sliow he’s afraid people will findnout who he is”; “Somebody who all hendoes is repeat his fate.” Tlie exceedinglynhuman Abramowitz demands his freedomnand gets it. He .striiggles pait of thenway out of his horse-body and becomesn”a free centaur.” neither beast nornGoldberg.nOne of the few characters whosenprofession Malamud declines to...