givable on the basis of larger issues andnhigher goals. But the fact is that Mr.nRoosevelt weakened, as Joe Kennedynsaid he would, the democracy he claimednto defend. And Kennedy sold his sponsornshort behind his back, as Roosevelt predictednhe would do. The record of theirnrelationship, therefore, leaves a sad andnsour aftertaste. It makes depressingnreading for anyone who...

is greeted with a Hallmark card in placenof baptism. Of all the basic human conditionsnfamily is, it seems, most subjectnto the trivializing pathos of sentimentality.nLet me be specific. Eli’s brutal usenof Elizabeth as “a baby machine” isncertainly frowned upon, and rathernforcefully portrayed, but the ultimatencause of the frown (should it be a terriblenscowl.”) is never...

formally ended. The reader can surelynsense the fun and delight that an economistnwould derive (perversely, perhaps)nby pointing out how simple the cause isnof unemployment—and crime, schoolndiscipline problems and even youthfulndespair—and what great personal satisfactionnmust come when, with a flourishnof chalk, the economist can simply prescribenwiping the minimum wage lawnoff the books. Fun and delightful, yes.nBut...

less, Thurow analyzes problems of energy,ninflation, slow economic growth,nenvironmental problems, rules andnregulations, and income redistributionnin a basic and straightforward mannernwith which most economists would findnlittle to quibble.nMore fundamentally, though, Thurownis introducing some new thoughtsnon these problems—or rather on thensolutions for these problems. He recognizesnthat the standard economic answersnsuch as eliminating the minimumnwage to reduce unemployment...

Black Thunder tind 100 Years of NegronFreedom and the Broadway play St,nLouis Woman, which was attacked bynWalter White and other black leadersnfor allegedly perpetuating the demeaningnstereotype of the peasant Negro.nLangston Hughes has been called thenfirst black American to earn his livingnentirely from writing. He wrote SelectednPoems, The Big Sea, I Wandernas I Wander, the lyrics...

North. In a 1942 letter, Bontempsnwrites of a Chicago literary party: “Onlyntwo Negroes . . . We didn’t get our invitationsntill nearly the last day. S. Evans,ntop man under Marshall Field, strucknthe colored names off the list and had tonbe pressured by the head man to replacenthem . . . .”niNI either Hughes nor Bontemps...

speculating About JusticenCharles Rembar: The Law of thenLand: The Evolution of Our LegalnSystem; Simon & Schuster; NewnYork.nby Clarence B. Carsonn1 would like to know why one communicatesnwith United States DistrictnCourts on fourteen-inch-long paper andnwith Circuit Courts of Appeal on eleveninch-longnpaper. Beyond that, I wondernon what length and width paper onencommunicates with the Supreme Court,nif, that...

considers that no major objection since,nas he observes, we already have a greatndeal of socialism anyway. What harmncould there be, after all, in throwing justnone more shovel of dirt on a person whonis in the process of being buried alive?n1 think he is overlooking some relevantndetails. The move that he is suggestingnwould be in the...

ral, the editorials launched into a discussionnof Solzhenitsyn the man. Twonyears after that controversial Harvardnaddress, the issues raised by Solzhenitsynnhave not yet been laid to rest. Angreat service to the cause of accuratenrhetoric has been done by publishingnthe original speech, twelve typical representationsnof the early editorial responsesnand six new essays—by SidneynHook and Richard Pipes, among...

Still more puzzling is the failure ofnmost critics to answer Solzhenitsyn’snfundamental premise, which he spellednout quite clearly in his speech. Arguingnthat the failure of Western willnreflected a cause deep within our politicalntraditions, he concluded that: “Thisnmeans that the mistake must be at thenvery root, at the very foundation ofnthought in modern times. I refer to...

ComnieriiiablesnPodhoretz’s MonitionnNorman Podhoretz: ThenPresent Danger; Simon & Schuster;nNew York.nby Alan J. LevinenNorman Podhoretz has writtennfar and away the best of thenrecent spate of warnings aboutnthe international situation andnreappraisals of America’s position.nIt is a brief and penetratingnexamination of the dilemmasnfacing the Western world. Podhoretz’snaccount of the evolutionnof American attitudes andnpolicies since 1960 and the impactnof the...

look at Avedon’s full frontalnmug shots, which claim to findnthe basic truth of each subject,nin order to realize how muchnartificiality of style and substance,nthey encapsulate. At thensame time, one becomes awarenthat a spontaneous grace, kindnessnand decency of form residenin the photography of CecilnBeaton. DnPerceptiblesnAmin Saikal: The Rise andnFall of the Shah; Princeton UniversitynPress; Princeton, New...

ScreennPride and Prejudice and Cliche PeoplenKagemusha (The Shadow Warrior);nWritten and directed by Akira Kurosawa;nTwentieth Century Fox.nPrivate Benjamin; Written by NancynMeyers, Charles Shyer and HarveynMiller; Directed by Howard Zieff;nWarner Brothers.nOrdinary People; Screenplay by AlvinnSargent; Directed by RobertnRedford; Paramount Pictures.nby Eric ShapearonWe no longer make movies likenKagemusha in this country; in Americaneven tragedy, these days, is expressednthrough...

succeeded in making a comedy which isnrooted in a doctrinaire outloolt. A doctrinairencomedy cannot use laughter asnits substance; it can operate on a scoffnor a sneer, but not on hilarity. But lifenis even more cruel to the creators ofnPrivate Benjamin: they wound up withna caricature of comedy—a feat in itself,nto be sure.nThe script of PB...

stupidity swells when simple humannterms are hopelessly mauled by thenscript, which presents the drama ofncommunication in so-called ethnicnstereotypes: WASPs are close-mouthednformalists, casualties of their behavioralnmini-rules, the Jewish psychoanalystnis actually all warmth and understanding,neven if he does exude all the charmnand insight of a drill sergeant.nThere is still one character in thenmovie who deserves a few...

ArtnHopper at WhitneynThe fact that Hopper’s exhibition immediatelynfollows Picasso’s retrospectivenmay be a source of musing. Without detractingnfrom the Spaniard’s position asna giant in his field we may ask (meekly,nto be sure): Which of them better expressesnour time, gives testimony to itsnpoignancy? As we were leaving thenWhitney Museum, we were not certainnwe would have an unambiguous...

Marxoid clergy.nSuch a combination may strike thenAmerican reader as rather odd; yet thesenseeming paradoxes characterize the effervescentnFrench climate, in whichnintellectual questioning and counterquestioningnthrive. There is a similarncontradiction behind ND’s popularity.nThe followers are mostly young peoplenfrom bourgeois Catholic-rightist families,nstudents, bureaucrats, professionals,njournalists, who feel let down notnonly by the repeated failures of the Maurrassiannright, but also by...

liked and which in withered conditionnstill had something enchanting aboutnit) and finally the color of the ivorynwhite wood of the stick (that smelledndamp and tempted one to lick it, butnsoon became sadly shrivelled and dry,nwhich spoiled my pleasure in thisnwhite from the very beginning).nMany people have drawn a parallelnbetween Schoenberg’s atonality andnKandinsky’s move to abstract,...

if he persists in being one, somethingnwill happen to his Presidency (somethingnNixonian, we presume.nThe CBS-New York Times poll (as ifnpolls were not the laughingstock ofnthis event) taken two weeks after thenelection which found out (with thenhelp of subtly contrived questions)nthat Mr. Reagan had better be a meeknand humble moderate and not dare tonimplement the ideas...

way they handle words like “liberal,”n”compassion,” “decency” and “justice.”nThe Nation piously believes that immoralitynis programmed into capitalism;nthat Soviet Russia is an honorable adversarynwho never lies to us, while we alwaysnlie to her; that the CIA stinks becausenit defends a rotten order (whichnhappens to be our order); that nuclearnenergy is demonic when it serves ourneconomy, while...

Editor’s CommeritnFor 200 years, things were rather simple. Both philosophersnand historians seemed to agree that the impecuniousnsocial classes, their occasional moods notwithstanding, werenthe agents of change. Deprived of the good things in life,nthey wanted a change for the better. This drive used to bencalled, by sympathetic ideologists, the push for progress.nThe upper classes, in contrast,...

an exclusive franchise on practical populism, and this newnassociation lasted until the 1970’s. Now, at the thresholdnof the 80’s, everybody knows that the Democratic Party—nthe party of Kennedy, McGovern, forced busing and militantnfeminism—is one of the mightiest and most aggressive forcesnof prescriptive populism ever witnessed in American publicnaffairs. Its only redeeming feature is that everything...

opinions & ViewsnQuestioning Mr. PercynWalker Percy: The Second Coming;nFarrar, Straus & Giroux; New York.nby Joseph SchwartznWalker Percy and Saul Bellow arencurrently the major American novelists,nand it is instructive to note that bothnare deeply concerned with ideas withoutnbeing ideologues. While Percy lacksnthe tremendous variety of character andnpace which characterizes Bellow’s work,nhe has a more profound vision...

Allison outwit the collective forces ofna decaying society to undertake the makingnof a new world by “leading the mostnordinary life imaginable.” There arenmany unexpected turns in the plot andnenough surprises to engage one’s interestnat the narrative level alone in whatnis basically, as Percy described it, a boymeets-girl,nboy-loses-girl, boy-gets-girlnstructure.nJrercy’s greatest appeal for me is hisndiagnosis of...

Love of Death as are Will and Allison,nhe is the proper person to give themninstructions. Thus, the final word onnWill:nHis heart leapt with a secret joy. Whatnis it I want from her and Him, henwondered, not only want but mustnhave.’ Is she a gift and therefore a signnof a giver.’ Could it be that the...

God, Reason & the Redistribution of IncomenRobert L. Heilbroner: Marxism: Fornand Against; W. W. Norton & Co.;nNew York.nMichael Harrington: Decade of Decision;nSimon & Schuster; NewnYork.nby William E. CagenIt is a perverse tribute to human intelligencenthat Marxism is still discussednin intellectually respectable circles. Itnis testimony to our naivete and gullibilitynthat we allow the title “Marxist state”nto...

Return, though, to the assumptionnadvanced by Harrington that most ofnhis readers (and even his critics) todaynaccept unquestioningly. The assumptionnis that income ought to be more equallyndistributed. It would be easy in replynto resort to the economic argument thatnincome differences are a spur to productivity,nand that if everyone had the samenincome no one would want to...

For those who take seriously the admonitionnthat we are to care for onenanother, the only valid response is tongive of their own substance so thatnothers may benefit. True, if such givingnwere indiscriminate, it would also doninjury to the work ethic. That sort ofnindiscriminate giving, though, is muchnless likely to occur in private charitynthan in government...

doubtedly only a matter of time untilnthe sartorial rug is pulled out fromnunder them and they fall into the readyto-wearnracks, replaced by the up-andn-coming. One indication of the declinenof the current fashion moguls is thenfact that their names and initials cannbe seen on the backs, fronts and behindsnof those who obviously frequentnK-Mart rather than Lord...

witty lines or farcical situations, butnshe points out how those things thatnmake up the “right” society in thatncorridor centered in New York Citynand running up through the poshnsuburbs in Connecticut—the conventions,nmanners, fashions and opinionsn—are out of sync with regard to livingnin the real world rather than in thatncreated by the media. It’s not that thenglittering...

Bryn Mawr grad working on her Ph.D.nat Yale (higher degrees are obviouslyn”in”), lives with a man (who turns outnto be John’s rival, crossing paths beingna characteristic of a comedy of manners)nwhom she just happened to bump inton(she thinks, “Actually she just fell intonthings because she wasn’t cynicalnenough”), and is humble enough to wishn”she was an...

er, pacifist and fighter,” says the publictelevisionnpersonality who does a documentarynon him), begins to realize whatnher father lived for, what he engenderednin society and how he became the darlingnof the anti-three-bean-salad set. Her enlightenmentncomes after her father’sndeath; he had a heart attack at an antiwarnrally in 1972.ntLzTSi Slavin was the type of mannwho was extremely...

siveness,” and besides that, when thentot went to school, the other kids mightngive her a hard time about the namenStranger. But Mountain Spring? Nonproblem.nSlavin was a hero to Ffrenchy’s peers.nHe was antiestablishment and againstnthe war—a real guru. But what he triednto tell them about political consciousnessnwas generally lost in transmission,nand their feedback and lifestyle werenequally...

Re-elect the President, Liddy enthusiasticallyndirected the establishment of annextralegal intelligence unit charged withnundermining the Democrats’ efforts tonunseat Richard Nixon in 1972. Why didnLiddy, an ex-FBI agent and former hardlinenassistant district attorney, eagerlynagree to violate the law? Money? Fame?nPolitical preferment? The allurementsnthat make most men burn with a whitehotnlust left Liddy cold. Liddy acted for anstartlingly...

In Liddy’s world of triumphant willnall must be directed toward the creationnof an Ubermensch, a dominant, godlikenfigure who rises above the weakness andnfrailty of other men. For Liddy this urgentook, in part, the form of self-masterynthrough the endurance of pain. To steelnhis will Liddy began in the early 1960’snto burn the flesh of his left...

Xhere is little plot, and at times itnseems that time itself has been lost: thenstory, set earlier in this century andnbrought up to the present, could havenhappened yesterday or tomorrow. Notnunlike a believer’s chant, the novelnflows, carrying emotion without argument,ncloser to music than to philosophy.nAs Morris describes the women’snchores, finished only to be started again,nhe...

Sharon. The contrast is most vivid:nHer arms lowered and dangling, hernshort hair tousled, Alexandra resemblednan exotic, stork-legged bird. Shensaid, ‘Who said let there be light.? Hendid. Who saw that all of it was good.’nHe did. Who said let us make him innour own image.’ He did. Who saidnlet them have dominion over thenwhole shebang? He...

be placed on a truly stable basis. Sincenthe West cannot let its vital oil suppliesnfall into the hands of the Soviets, ornKhomeini, or Qaddafi-style fanatics,nit is not impossible that outright militarynoccupation—even a form of colonialnrule—may someday be required. Thisnprospect, however distasteful, shouldnhave been examined.nJL hough sensible enough in describingnour present crisis, Nixon is not veryngood...

Two Married PronounsnHerbert Gold: He/She; ArbornHouse; New York.nby Christina MurphynH e is the devoted, if somewhat infantilenand dependent, husband whondoes not want to see his marriage end.nShe is the post-women’s lib wife, insecurenin the security she has known,nseeking fulfillment in a nebulously definednfreedom, sure of only one thing:nmarriage and motherhood have trappednher and drained her...

and to no one’s surprise, becomes intenselynjealous and possessive of him,nendorsing once again the do-as-I-saynot-as-I-donphilosophy She lives bynthroughout the novel. Add a long, totallynirrelevant scene in which He spendsnmonths watching a young woman atnbreakfast at the Morning Kettle, onlynto be rebuffed when He introduces himselfnand endeavors to make his “move,”nand the blandness of the novel...

solved if only we could get women backninto the fold where they belong.nThat these issues must be considerednin their true complexity, marked byncontradiction and paradox, is rightfullynurged upon us by Carl Degler in AtnOdds, his well-researched and nonpolemicalnhistory of women and the familynin America from the revolution tonthe present. Faced with the task of presentingnan...

natural demands for both private andnpublic, cooperative and competitive,ngroup and individual expression. Or asnDegler makes the point:nThe family . . . like the great traditionalnmovements, is an anti-individualisticninstitution. In fact, its denialnof individualism is the source of thenfamily’s strong attraction for manynmen and women today. For at leastntwo centuries the best known alternativento the individualism,...

apy,” and “The Future of Marriage andnthe Family”), each with its own crispnintroduction, this college reader attemptsnto provide a spectrum of viewsnon everything affecting the family—nfrom the ambivalence of woman’s passivenrole (the constraints placed on allnof us by conventional stereotypes ofnnormal masculinity and femininity) tonthe tragedy of divorce (we can changenpartners like we change laundry...

desk and he could pronounce Arabicnnames. He had highly visible assignmentsnin the office of the Secretary ofnDefense, with the Joint Chiefs of Staffnand with the National Security Council.nThe NSC lent him to the CIA and eventuallynprovided his “cover” during hisnsojourn in the Middle East in the 1950’s.nAlong the way he caught the eye ofnAllen Dulles,...

the British and French, and/or 3) JohnnFoster Dulles raced through Eveland’snhead. He concluded that the U.S. hadnno business interfering in Syrian politics.nWhat he did not realize was thatnthe situation in Syria, from the standpointnof the moderates, had become insufferable.nHistorian Nabil M. Kaylaninwrites of this period that the country,n”traditional at heart, was being radicalizednby a determined...

fer it to the outside world. Charles Mansonnis supposed to have requested not tonbe released when he was last in prisonnbefore his involvement in the Tate-La-nBianca murders. He would have beennno less a prisoner had the authoritiesnyielded to his request, though he wasnin prison by choice.nJilizabeth Bentley called her accountnof her years in the Communist...

it has colored this account.nThere is very little in our literaturenabout labor organizing. Many historyntextbooks give the impression that labornunions come into being spontaneouslynbecause of worker grievances. SidneynLens provides a partial correction to thisnin his description of the difficult job ofnorganizing and maintaining a union.nHe provides considerable information,ntoo, on the socialist backgrounds ofnmany labor leaders....

audience is not told what to believe,nbut is shown that the manner in whichna man gives or receives a blow revealsnhis nature.nThe novel opens with blows—fromnclubs, fists and feet—rained upon thenrecruits by Tech Sergeant Krupe andnBuck Sergeant Bennett, who give thennew arrivals a reception more suitednto a concentration camp than a militarynreservation. Corporal Sanders, an...

and even the deliberate raising of peoplenlike cattle to be tattooed so that theirnheads could be cut off and sold.nCould this be paradise? It would seemnthat perhaps civilization, by comparison,nisn’t quite as bad as one thought.nHow could anyone ever have thoughtndifferently.’ That, in fact, is the burdennof Daws’s work. He shows how the ambivalencenof Europeans—simultaneouslynattracted...

have it, the repression of all that is noblenin man in favor of contrived and corruptingnrelationships. Its essence liesnin the control and direction of creativenenergies. This implies, of necessity, thendeferral of gratification. But, even morenimportant, no directed and controlledncreativity is possible without the tolerancenof varying ideas and without civilitynto govern the discourse concerningnthem. It is...