the past 150 vears when the progressives have not been ehippingrnaw cU’ and undernrining what had been a eohercnt elassiealrncurriculum. Even lieforc World War II, the wreckers and hooligansrn(men like President Eliot of Harvard) had won the battle,rnand the so-called conservatives of the 50’s and 60’s were feroeioushrndefending a ruined and devastated city. The aqueductsrnhad...

allows himself to be serious only in t:he little fable he tells of thernspider and the bee. The spider, boasting of his superiority, deridesrnthe bee as a vagabond and “a universal plunderer upon nature”rnand describes himself as “a domestic animal, furnishedrnwith a native stock within myself.” For proof, he points to “thisrnlarge castle [i.e., his...

ing. After nil, it is realh a small comfort to know that tlie witchrntring to kill you has no supernatural powers and has to rely onrnh pnosis, psvchotropic drugs, mental intimidation, and—if allrnelse fails—poison. The mere knowledge that your neighborsrnarc sticking pins in dolls and poisoning your cow, as they invokernthe aid of the Prince...

was a gift, that it was bestowed on me by fate.rnPlease forgive me if I speak an unfashionable language, onernill-adjusted to the analytieal epoch in whieh we live. Yet I thinkrnthat literature should not yield to the temptation of “keepingrnup with the times” and genuflecting before the advances of scientificrnresearch. Literature is ruled b) its...

thougli it is more interesting, perhaps, to refleet that the paintworkrnwas almost certain!) made b- whites rather tlian West hidians:rnb- a modern J.G. Frazer, so to speak, rather tlian by anrnEdward Said. Multieulturalism can be a matter of idealism orrna matter of self-interest. You do not even have to be a lesbian,rnit is rumored, in...

by arguing that humanists, in their da-, won the argument forrnShakespeare by suppressing, or at best ignoring, subcultures ofrnrace and sex and by exploiting a potent rhetoric: “Because thernliterary-critical discourse was powerful, mam learnt to use itrnwell,” he writes in an apparent non sequitur. (Are there notrnpowerful rhetorics which can only be acquired by a...

Marx’s famous claim that it is history that molds consciousnessrnrather than the other wa’ around lies at the heart of it. ThernBritish Marxist historian E.H. Carr, who died in 1982, exemplifiedrnthe doctrine all his working life, and his book What Is History?rn(1961) is a classic statement of that view. The openingrnchapter, “The Historian and His...

he accomplished that.rnThai others in the game of making plays—Marlowe and Kydrnand Greene, for example, even Ben Jonson, though he was luckierrnthan he had any right to be—flared brightly as talents andrnmanv came to bad and sad ends. Their lives are more interestingrnto think about because they arc perfectly imaginable, thenrnor now. The good deal...

the battles in w hieh our own still-living relatives fought, is it surprisingrnthat so few remember who toppled the towers of Ilium,rnor threw down the walls of Jericho?rnOne of the reasons for the loss of historical mcmor) is thernfact that our culture has turned awa)^ from print to the electronicrnmedia. Books are permanent, or somewhat...

that became the language of most East European Jews, Yiddish,rnis written in Hebrew characters, and 26 centuries afterrnNebuchadnezzar’s conquest of Jerusalem, the language of thernBible could once again become the language of a modern people.rn(Of course, the strictest Orthodox Jewish groups arc reluctantrnto use Hebrew for any but religious purposes.)rnIf the Jews preserved their Bible,...

Supreme Court to be unconstitutional,rnthat “decision shall thereby be negatedrnand precedent restored.”rnA basic difficulty with DcRosa’s thesisrnis that the Court’s stance toward thernNinth Amendment and unenumeratedrnrights is not at all clear. We do knowrnthat a majorit’ of the Court has not, asrnyet, deriycd an- unenumerated rightrnfrom the Ninth Amendment, so thatrnDeRosa’s contention that the Court...

Principalities & Powersrnby Samuel FrancisrnConspiracyrnHistory, wrote Voltaire, is the sound ofrnwooden shoes running up the backstairsrnand of silken slippers running down—arnremark that implies that the real story ofrnhigh politics is never what we are able tornsee but always a tale hidden from publicrnview. Since he lived in an age of despots,rnenlightened and otherwise, and was...

norniiil and regular mode of conduct forrnhuman beings does not mean that allrnconspiracy theories are true. The laternMurray Rothbard, with his usual clearheadedness,rnpointed to two abiding flawsrnof conspiracy theories in an article publishedrnin Reason magazine in 1977. Onernflaw is that simply showing that an eventrnbenefited a particular party (the cui bonornargument) docs not prove that...

CORRESPONDENCErnLetter FromrnAustraliarnby R.J. StovernGeoffrey Blainey and thernMulticultural NirvanarnOne’s kindest possible response to thernAustralian Broadcasting Corporation’srntypical attempt at a sitcom is MarkrnTwain’s quip about The Vicar of Wakefield:rn”Nothing could be funnier than itsrnpathos, and nothing could be sadderrnthan its humour.” Hence the astonishedrnpleasure inspired by the Corporation’srndazzling new comedy Frontline. A mercilessrnskewering of current-affairs talkingrnheads* moral...

Blaincv as the first Literature BoardrnChairman of the Austraha Council,rnwhich was and is this country’s mainrnarts-funding government department.rnNothing in Blainey’s pubhc remarksrnthen, or later, suggested that thernWhitlam regime regretted its choice ofrnchairman. Still, about Blainey the man,rnlittle was known. (For all his journalisticrnprominence—he has had columns in thernWeekend Australian and in Melbourne’srnthe Age—he seems to...

ballot as “the Australian hallot,” whichrnAustralians lia’e never done.rnGB: Yes, the did in America.rnRJS: You’ve mentioned in print therncomplete turnaround that the AustralianrnI jabor Party has made on such matters asrntariffs, privatization, and—perhapsrnabove all—immigration. How permanentrnor impermanent do von think thesernchanges in the ALP mentality are?rnGB: It’s astonishing, the move awayrnfrom protectionism and from governmentrninteryention...

with the emergence of strident oppositionrnto Blaincv, the shrewder and morernself-interested enironmentalists did anrnISO-degree turn. They had realized thatrnthose who activeh’ wished Australia’srnpopulation to decrease were, if only byrndefault, advocating reduction in immigrationrnlevels; were thus laving themsehesrnopen to charges of racism; andrn\’erc guaranteeing that Blainey’s fate inrnci ie discourse would be their own. Neitherrnthe responsibilities...

ences at the MLA’s 111th conference inrnChicago. The LU session, “Tall in thernStall: Exploring Transgressivc SexualrnSites,” was far and away the best attendedrnat the convention. Hector Mondo-rnBizarro, in “Psychic Charges from the IntersectingrnPublic and Private ZonesrnWithin the Stalls of Institutional Men’srnRoom,” explained how the magnetizingrnpvdl of the dangers lurking behindrnthe toilet stall door led to...

two grounds: first, separation of churchrnand state precludes praying in schools;rnand second, statements that Americarn”had been founded b” Christians alone”rnarc inaccurate and offensive. A local rabbirnargued that the mmistries “arc promotingrn. . . principles such as exclusionrnand a narrow definition of moralitv.”rn”I’he newspaper further reported, “Arnlarge contingent of the protest camernfrom the ga and lesjjian...

VITAL SIGNSrnEDUCATIONrnAffirmative Actionrnand the Academyrnby Philip JenkinsrnWhile most of us would deny thatrnthe United States has an officialrnideology, much of our daily life is profoundlyrnshaped by a body of principlesrnthat are manifested in policies known asrnaffirmative action, multiculturalism, andrn”diversity.” These decide matters as fundamentalrnto one’s life-chances as accessrnto jobs and education, to social mobilityrnand economic...

on American soil in the slave era. Thernlosers are an equally diverse group.rnWhile it is easy to agree that Americanrnblacks \ ith few exceptions were eonsistcntl-rnvictims of collective discrimination,rnit takes a huge amount of specialrnpleading to sec women as a communityrnin remotely the same sense, as an oppressedrnrace or colonized people, or asrnthe heirs of...

Academic Triangle. This is a world ofrnfaculty meetings where people count uprnthe points thev will receive for hiring arnblack woman as opposed to a I lispanicrnman; where chuckles greet the objectionrnthat X, being appointed as a full professor,rnhas a resume that would perhapsrnccjuip him to lecture part-time in a communityrncollege. This is a society inrnwhich...

for consumer fraud by attorney AllanrnFavish, who misled applicants into believingrnthat the university system did notrndiscriminate on the basis of race.rnAs the affirmative action debate heatsrnup in the coming months, it is likely thatrnthe admission practices of many morernschools will be made public. In the wakernof the disturbing facts revealed in Hopwood,rnis it any wonder...

once more of its subject, which is literature,rnthe heart and soul of any legitimaterneducational s’stcm dedicated to the freernexchange of ideas and the furthering ofrnsound knowledge? We cannot go backrnto the former New Criticism, but we canrntr’ to extract from it the principles whichrnenabled it to ser’e the old values well,rnand so reestablish literature—greatrnliterature, that...

heritage, the main repository of humanernwisdom, and be ready to learn all thatrncan be learned from it for the good ofrnmankind, himself or herself included. Irndo not know what we will call this newrnbreed of critics, but I hope we will notrnforget that what once was called NewrnCriticism upheld old values, and that wernforsake these...

I’urtwanglcr, the great German conductorrnwho had gone into exile in protestrnagainst I htler—but who had neverthelessrnbeen barred from the United Statesrnbecause of alleged support of the Nazis.rnCasals placed Furtwangler among therntwo or three greatest conductors of therntime, but felt that he had remained inrnNazi Germany a little too long beforerntaking refuge in Switzerland.rn”LiCt me tell...

temporaneity the nuances and cadencesrnof an earlier day. No musician respectedrnthe composer’s notes and the composer’srnintent more than Casals. But he alwaysrnwent beyond this, continuing his studyrnof a score, though he knew it well, in orderrnto reach within the mind and thernpsyche of the composer. The imaginationrnof the performer had to work symbioticallyrnwith that of...

The Hundredth Meridianrnby Chilton Williamson, Jr.rnUp From MichiganrnI’bntcnellc Creek ran fast and brown atrnthe erossing, the waves flashing backward,rnflooding islands of willow that bentrnbefore the strength of the water to showrnthe gra undersides of the slender leaves.rnI left the jeep at the trailhead on the nearrnside of the ford and eommenced walking,rntaking along only binoeulars...

the pitch of the trail increases, lookingrnup through aspen stands toward elkrncamp, still a couple of miles farther on. Irnfelt m leg. The muscles were unstiffencdrnand the knee secured all right sornfar, but I was expecting it to give troublernin the descent. I sat on the grass tornwatch a rcdtailcd hawk pivot slowly onrnone wingtip...

^ h e ^ h n ^^ndolph <9^ubrnCrystal City MarriottrnArlington, VirginiarnOCTOBER 5-6,1996rn”NATIONALISM, POPULISM, AND THErnFUTURE OF THE AMERICAN RIGHT”rno you believe it makes a difference whether Tweedledum or Tweedledumberrnis elected President this fall? Then don’t bother attending the Seventh AnnualrnMeeting of the John Randolph Club. We’ll be discussing issues that reallyrnmatter: whether America is losing...

nil iNiisl Hii/nv l/ii’iil/ii’i(iitiiirn’ 1 ^ 1 ^ ^ ^ ^”^-^ -m M 1 ^ ‘ ^ • ‘ X , ‘ ^ / ^ ‘ ^ / ‘ ^ Ij i>ii wish Id liiimv llii’ JHolili’ (tj llic •rnI [Ir^ ^^B • ! IT^llr^lf i l (>ii iiiiisl Inioxv Ihciylilruilux:rnkJvyLiLlld 11 CrXf^rUfnrn•jis A Traitor?,...

CULTURAL REVOLUTIONSrnREPUBLICAN CONGRESSMANrnSteven Gunderson of Wisconsin, whornhosted the homosexual “circuit” partyrncalled the Cherry Jubilee at a federalrnbuilding in Washington last April 13, wasrnupset by our article about the event writtenrnby Marc Morano (“Sex, Drugs, and arnRepublican Party,” July 1996). WhenrnCongressman Robert Dornan (R-CA)rnread the Chronicles article into the CongressionalrnRecord, and the subject becamernthe topic of...

the American economy; the bulk of therneconomic growth of the past 20 years—rnespecially during the “family values” erarnof Reagan and Bush—has been the resultrnof mothers entering the workforce.rnIndeed, had mothers not entered thernworkforce in historic numbers, realrnhousehold income would have declinedrnduring the 1980’s.rnAccording to the New York Times,rn”The new study was designed . . ....

PERSPECTIVErnTreason Against the New Orderrnby Thomas FlemingrnIwas doing my best to mind my own business on a ‘ery busyrnSaturday. My wife was in England, and after nearly twornweeks of playing mother, I was catching up on the laundry,rnshopping for the dinner I would have to prepare, and, in betweenrntrips to the store, I had to...

how do you know you’re innocent, if you don’t know vvliat therncliarge is?” I retrieved the E-mail message sent from Londonrnand discovered that in substance, the indicted journalists werernaccused of writing propaganda that was part of the BosnianrnSerbs’ campaign to deprive the Muslims of their human rights.rnThe style had changed from Kafka to Lewis Carroll....

Objectivity, impartiality, universality—these are three of thernhallmarks of the liberal creed which tells us to regard ourselvesrnand our friends as if we were an impartial spectator, as if wernwere making our judgments from behind a veil of ignorance.rnThis indifference to the particularities of affection—the whiffrnof bitter almonds in the wine of liberalism we have been...

Send Chronicles to your friendsrn»i«S^»^^W-5*,^»i.»(*SM^*â„¢wW»f«’^-^^K • . . S . I H E 0 1 1 • , I I I 1 • I J I I U t t JWi’*^»^:»aaMSaWI«^«tJK».K««iWlAwmt«a^ .1.1.1 MIIIMMi *UM1U.>.«.LLU1H—rnUse this convenient gift subscription card to share arnyear (12 issues) of Chronicles with friends.rnYes! Please send one gift subscription torneach recipient...

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consent of the governed, and it is never a good idea to let thernmarks realize the game is crooked or that there might be cleanerrngames in a kingdom or dictatorship on the other side of town.rnThe real argument is between an essentially Christian viewrnof human life as a gift from the Creator and a liberal...

setting action wluch was used to legitimize the authority of thernWTO. The WTO appeals panel agreed with the United Statesrnthat the EPA regulation was made in pursuit of the legitimaterngoal of conservation, as defined under WTO rules. Yet, it stillrnrejected the regulation itself, arguing that the EPA could haverncome up with a better way of...

use, a system that allows full play to its considerable power asrnthe world’s largest economy to shape international trade to itsrnbenefit. But the Clinton administration surrendered this principlernby warmly embracing the creation of the WTO, revivingrna concept that had been moribund under the Reagan and Bushrnadministrations. It was an abrogation by the Clinton administrationrnof its...

The Hague TribunalrnBad Justice, Worse Politicsrnby Srdja TrifkovicrnAleksandr Solzhenitsyn once referred to the Cheka as “thernonly punitive organ in human history that combined inrnone set of hands investigation, arrest, interrogation, prosecution,rntrial, and execution of the verdict.” He was probably mistakenrnabout “human history,” but his anger was just. What hernchronicled was indefinite imprisonment without trial; investigationsrnand...

Iraqi cities. We know that the general strategic bombing policyrnof the Allies in 1942-45 was to terrorize urban centers. However,rnit may be years before we are told of the estimate for civilianrndeaths, in Hanoi in 1972, in Baghdad in 1991, or in thernBosnian Serb Republic in 1995; and there will be no trials of thernculprits.rnCompared...

The Albrights of this world have a different scenario inrnmind. They do not seek to delegitimize war crimes per se, butrnto enhance their power to decide what is a war crime on the basisrnof current political calculations. Applied in practice, itrnmeans that when Bosnian Muslims are shelled, driven fromrntheir homes, or murdered, they are seething...

that America remain the foremost economic power in thernworld. Thus the war in the Balkans evolved from a Yugoslavrndisaster and a European inconvenience into a major test ofrn”U.S. leadership.” This was made possible by a bogus consensusrnwhich passed for Europe’s Balkan policy. This consensus,rnamplified in the media, limited the scope for meaningful debate.rn”Europe” was thus...

right to appoint judges to the panel. Both countries have alsornbeen among the staunchest supporters of the Muslim side inrnBosnia ever since the beginning of the war, supplying it withrnweapons in violation of U.N. resolutions. The British journalistrnNora Beloff points out that such composition of The HaguernTribunal precludes it from meeting Western standards for anrnindependent...

The preamble to the 1948 U.N. Universal Declaration ofrnHuman Rights is more specific. It is applicable to “all membersrnof the human family . . . the aspiration of the common people”rnand “the peoples of the United Nations.” The significancernof a United Nations that is the representative assembly not ofrnnations but of the “human family” is...

Covenant shall extend to all parts of federal States without anyrnlimitations or exceptions.”rnIt was the clear intent of the drafters of the ICCPR and thernOptional Protocol to ensure injunctive relief against humanrnrights violations through domestic courts first and foremost,rnleaving open the option of international remedies if domesticrnlegal systems were to fail. In 1985, this intent...

Wright, the Court went the next logical step and freed the Presidentrnfrom dependency on the Senate. In U.S. v. Belmontrn(1937), the Court elevated executive agreements to the samernconstitutional Article VI status as treaties.rnThere are three avenues of influence over which U.N.-basedrnrights may be incorporated into American constitutionalrnlaw. First, the provisions may be deemed to be...

Judge Reinhardt is perhaps the most liberal judge on the federalrnbench. In a recent hont-page story in the Wall Street journal,rnJudge Alex Kozinski, a fellow Ninth Circuit judge and arnpowerful force in the federal judiciary, gave Judge Reinhardtrnthe dubious honor of being “probably the best lawyer we havernon the court…. He actually knows how to...