from 14 different countries were alsonon Russian soil at one time or another,nincluding 73,000 Japanese, 60,000nFrench, and, oddly enough, 60,000nCzechs. The Red Army numbered fivenmillion at the end of the war, while thensix major White armies that roamednSiberia, the Baltics, the Crimean Peninsula,nthe Ukraine, and northern Russianwere never greater than 500,000nmen at any one time.nThe...

and evil — in such a way, in short, as tonsuggest the impossibility of construingn”moral life as systematically explicablenin terms, only and always, of the applicationnof adequate principles to thendetails of every serious engagement.”nAnd the paper by the fine novelistnChaim Potok discusses value metaphorsnprecisely in terms of God’s silencen(rather than the pragmatic acquiescence)nin the 20th...

feeling. . . . Popular culture,nlike the meat offered to idols inn1 Corinthians 10, is a part ofnthe created order, part of thenearth’s that is the Lord’s, andnthus something capable ofnbringing innocent pleasure tonbelievers. But not everythingnthat is permissible isnconstructive. That is the mainntheme of this book.nUnlike so many voluble Christiansntoday, Myers does not regard...

the relation of desire and drink. “Whyngo on about the suggestion, of seduction?”nshe asks herself and the reader.n”No one can speak with as manynvoices as a woman discovers in herself,nshouting, rasping, whispering, tellingnof desire and reluctance. … If onlynbetween the parlor and the boudoirnthere was no hallway.”nA similar passage — a moment ofnintense reflection —...

Foolishly reduplicatingnFolly in thirty-year periods;nthey eat and laugh too,nGroan against labors, warsnand partings,nDance, talk, dress and undress;nwise men have pretendednThe summer insects enviable;nOne must indulge the wisenin moments of mockery.nIf Jeffers found little in man’s confusionnto warrant praise, he did increasenour powers of perception; and his stoicismnwill always befriend us in the darkndays when they...

Ghosts on the Roof: SelectednJournalism of WhittakernChambers, 1931-1959nBldited by Terry TeachoutnChicago and Washington: RegnerynGateway; 361 pp., $24.95nTwo ironies attend the life andncareer of Whittaker Chambers.nThe first is that the one-time Communistnspy, foreign editor of Time, andnwitness against Soviet espionage becamennotable during his life and afterwardsnonly because of the Hiss Case,nwhich brought him such notoriety thatnhis...

That Infamous Diarynby Murray N. Rothbardn’Without the aid of prejudice and custom, I should not be able to 6ndnmy way across the room.”n— William HazlittnThe Diary of H.L. MenckennEdited by Charles A. FechernNew York: Alfred A. Knopf;n476 pp., $30.00nRarely does a published diary, evennof a celebrated writer, becomenanything more than fodder for the specialist.nYet H.L....

A Good Man IsnHard to Findnby Forrest McDonaldnAnd the Walls CamenTumbling Downnby Ralph David AbernathynNew York: Harper & Row;n•638 pp., $25.00nThe road to hell, I was taught as anchild, is paved with good intentions.nSurely no one could fault thenintentions of the Reverend Ralph DavidnAbernathy — Martin Luther King’snright arm and successor in the SouthernnChristian Leadership...

and wardens: “It never occurred to menthat blacks would hold such jobs andntreat other blacks in such a manner.”nThe harshest lessons came in Washingtonnduring the summer of 1968,nshortly after King’s assassination, andntook the form of challenges to Abernathy’snnaive and endearing faith in thengoodness of his fellow creatures. Kingnhad planned, and Abernathy carriednout, a project called...

are equally irrelevant, equally misguided,nequally shabby.nBut if Bell’s talent and temperamentnimpel him to choose the loner asnprotagonist, the present book alsonshows him as reaching out to broadnconcerns. He has not yet learned hownto fill a large canvas, but he is one ofnthe most gifted young novelists writing.nWith one kind of intense achievementnbehind him, he appears...

financial incapacities. In his rages, accordingnto Miss Wilson, her father wasn”like a person possessed in the oldfashionednsense. Elizabeth Waugh [anProvincetown friend] . . . had thoughtnmy father looked like Caligula. Liquornmay have brought it out sometimes, butnit was fundamental and had nothingnreally to do with drinking. … He wasnfascinated by monsters, loved movienones, referring to...

that very little dissenting opinion isnallowed in print or on the airwaves.nIn the end, John Taft remains andisillusioned liberal. Like his ultraliberals,nhe sees the years of America’snpeak strength as “not a halcyon era ofneconomic growth and the preservationnof liberty — on the contrary they are anbizarre period of harsh, warmongeringnrigidity engendered by World War II,nKorea...

An Appetite for Poetrynby Frank KermodenCambridge: Harvard University Press;n242 pp., $22.50n*^ |_i’ew people,” we find FranknX Kermode saying by page 42 ofnhis 46-page Prologue, — “Few peoplencan take much pleasure in modernnacademic literary criticism except itsnpractitioners, who do not mind that annintelligent outsider would surely find itnboth arcane and depressing.” Thatnmeans, the practitioners deem “intelligentnoutsider”...

New Ground: Western AmericannNarrative and the Literary Canonnby A. Carl BredahlnChapel Hill: The University of NorthnCarolina Press; 192 pp., $24.95nCatholic readers of American literaturenhave always recognized thatnthe difference between Eastern andnWestern fiction is the difference betweennNew Canaan, Connecticut, andnTuba City, Arizona. A. Carf Bredahl’snbook is a comprehensive as well asnoriginal attempt at defining the nature.nof...

Bork V. Borknby Michael LindnTempting America:nThe PoliticalnSeduction of the Lawnby Robert H. BorknNew York: The Free Press;n432 pp., $22.50nBattle for Justice: How the BorknNomination Shook Americanby Ethan BronnernNew York W.W. Norton & Co.;n399 pp., $22.50nTwo of the most vilified judges innUS history have probably beennJudge Robert H. Bork and Chief JusticenRoger Taney. Both gained notorietynearly...

would create “chaos” in the welfarenstate is no more compelling than thenstatement of the scholar who, thoughncorrect, had lost an argument with anRoman emperor: “I am not ashamednto be confuted by the master of fiftynlegions.” When a conservative SupremenCourt held that a nationalnincome tax was unconstitutional, thenAmerican people in 1913 ratified thenSixteenth Amendment. Why shouldnthey...

prise will come to an end.nThe report issued by the Senatencommittee after the 1982 hearingsndeclared that, “Documents submittednfor the record contain evidence of thentraining of large numbers of SWPO’sn’cadres’ in the Soviet Union, both innmilitary doctrines and, without exception,nin Marxist-Leninist ideology.nThe position of ‘political comissar’ isnentrenched at all organizational levelsnof SWAPO. These men . ....

less repetition, the conservative imaginationnas recommended in Hart’s examplenis not at all ideological.nHart cannot invest too many of hisnhopes for a civilized future in what thenuniversities may achieve. On this pointnhe quarrels with Allan Bloom, who isntoo much a man of the Enlightenmentnto be a conservative. He reasons, rather,nthe other way around, that the mostnimportant...

the methodological debates in which Inhad grown up as a student. In brief,nthere was a world in which this othernworld in which I had grown up wasnintellectually, morally, and spirituallynirrelevant.”nOne can see that Voegelin had angenuine affection for the America thatnuniquely reflected this Christian andnclassical culture: the commonsensenAmerica unpolluted by ideology. Fornthis reason, he was...

Nonetheless, when Connolly didnfocus on his task, he was unrivaled innhis editorial judgment. Horizon wasnresponsible for discovering George Orwellnas a social critic, publishing hisnunconventional excursions into Britishnpopular culture. It also introducednBritish readers to Truman Capote,nMary McCarthy, Ignazio Silone, andnOctavio Paz, among many others. Innfact, the magazine’s principal problemnwas never money, subscribers, or contributors—nit was fabulously...

success. It would be difficult for me tonexplain to you how neady impossible itnis to tell a lie. . . . Used to, I could tellna dozen lies before breakfast and notneven break a sweat.” There the textnseems to allude to another in which ancharacter famously declares, “Why,nsometimes I’ve believed as many as sixnimpossible things...

Microcosm: The QuantumnRevolution in Economicsnand Technologynby George GildernNew York: Simon and Schuster;n383 pp., $19.95nGeorge Gilder’s strength as a writernis his ability to create vivid mythicnarchetypes saturated with his own romanticnfeelings. He is not comfortablenwith ideas unless they are strong, simplenideas that lend themselves to vivid evocationnof feeling rather than complexnrumination: the lure and mystery ofnwomen,...

Talking Godnby Tony HillermannNew York: Harper & Row;n239 pp., $17.95nOn a windswept bluff high aboventhe reddish-brown San Juan River,nfour states—Arizona, New Mexico,nUtah, and Colorado—converge. Visitorsnto the area come to play a game ofntwister at the Four Comers Monument,ncontorting themselves so that each ofntheir limbs touches a different state.nThen, remarking upon the windswept,nsandy desolation of the...

The Family Waynby John WaucknWhen family pride ceases to act, individual selfishness comes into play.”n— TocquevillenThe Transformation of FamilynLaw, State Law, and Family in thenUnited States and Western Europenby Mary Ann GlendonnChicago: University of Chicago Press;n320 pp., $37.50nHniinappy families are all alike; everynunhappy family is unhappynin its own way.” I’ve always thoughtnthat Tolstoy underestimated the...

Hope Amid thenRuinsnby Chilton Williamson, Jr.nSketches From a Lifenby George F. KennannNew York: Pantheon Books;n365 pp., $22.95nIt may possibly be a virtue to maintainna diary, and probably it is no sin tonpublish one. In the first case, the virtuenis enhanced, in the second the potentialnfor sin mitigated, by the diarist havingnbeen a regular and faithful...

Neo-Alembicsnby Lee CongdonnThe Other God That Smiled:nHans Freyer andnthe DeradicaHzation ofnGerman Conservatismnby Jerry Z. MullernPrinceton: Princeton University Press;n$49.95 (cloth), $14.95 (paper)nIn a spate of recent books, neoconservativesnhave rehearsed the drama ofntheir radicalization and subsequent deradicalization.nTypically the curtain risesnon their active participation in, or engagednsympathy for, leftist movementsnof the 1960’s, and falls after they havenregained their...

cy and liberty proceed from the Enlightenment.nThe issue is by no means so simple.nFor example, it is true, as I havenelsewhere attempted to show, that thenstructure of Lukacs’s Marxism wasnHegelian and in that sense romantic.nYet as Karl Mannheim wisely observed,nMarxism emerged during thenbourgeois epoch, and even as it acceptedncertain strands of irrationalism, itnremained firmly within...

Like other ideological trailblazers,nRand created a secular religion —nwhich, for a militant atheist whondamned faith as “mysticism,” was quitena feat.nHer books, treated as revelation bynfollowers, projected a self-containednworld view: suffering is the result ofnaltruism (which subjugates the humannspirit) and collectivism (which enslavesnman physically). Salvation lies in capitalismn(with its corresponding economicnand technological progress) and thenliberating doctrine...

There are other instances where Makowskynis on target. Yet, for the reader,nthe harvest is taxing, the yield hardlynworth the effort.nLoxley F. Nichols teaches English atnLoyola College in Baltimore.nEpistles From thenMasternby David R. SlavittnVladimir Nabokov: SelectednLetters 1940-1977nEdited by Dmitri Nabokov andnMatthew J. BruccolinNew York and San Diego: HarcourtnBrace Jovanovich; 582 pp., $29.95nWhat an inspiring book this...

Balaam’s Cursenhy Moshe LeshemnNew York: Simon and Schuster;n304 pp., $19.95nMoshe Leshem ends Balaam’snCurse with a warning againstnthe growing political power of thenIsraeli Orthodox rabbinate. By yieldingnto Orthodox authorities on educationalnand cultural matters, he says, Israelisnare sacrificing their democratic patrimony.nFor the sake of Israeli democracynand of the country’s future relationsnwith other nation states, Leshem urgesnthat Israel...

“Y^^i^”.nPoetry You Can Readnby R.S. Gwynnn”It seemed so simple when one was young and new ideas were mentioned not tongrow red in the face and gobble.”n— Logan Pearsall Smithn-^^-^^J^’ -â„¢:2^ai^- -nExpansive Poetry: Essays on thenNew Narrative & the NewnFormahsmnEdited by Frederick FeirsteinnSanta Cruz: Story Line Press;n262 pp., $24:95 (cloth),n$15.95 (paper)nIn his introduction to the 1962...

Feminism Fatiguednby William MurchisonnWeak Link: The Feminization ofnthe American MiHtarynby Brian MitchellnChicago & Washington: RegnerynGateway; 232 pp., $17.95nThe feminist century — ours — isnmarkedly different from any periodnknown … I was going to say “tonman” but perhaps we don’t talk thatnway anymore. Events have transformednthe relationship of the sexes from one innwhich men occupied most...

ans historically like to sentimentalizenthe Old Army, or the Old Navy, wherenthings were rougher arid tougher thanntoday. Well, this time they’re right.nStandards have been scaled downnsharply to accommodate those otherwisenunable to meet them.nWomen have, to begin with, only 80npercent of men’s overall strength. Duringn1980 tests at West Point the worknof male cadets exceeded that of...

substance around the globe. HongnKong and Rotterdam currendy are thenkeys in their distribution network, sincenthese two ports have the heaviest volumenof traffic, making it nearlynimpossible — especially in the presentnpolitical and economic environmentn— to monitor cargoes passing throughnthem. Heroin is repackaged andnshipped out of Hong Kong and Rotterdamnto the drug markets in Europenand North America.n”Crack”...

bivalent” or innately extralegal executivenin Aristotle (or in medieval thinkersnsuch as Aquinas, Dante, ornMarsilius of Padua), claims that “ansecond remedy was first proposed bynMachiavelli . . . This is to recognizenopenly the necessity of tyranny in thencharacter of the prince, who initiatesnand innovates, even while he seeksndemocratic sanction for his actions sonthat he may seem...

cerning his own standard, WilliamnFaulkner himself was cleady in somendoubt; yet two facts are incontrovertible.nThe first is — Karl refers to it—nthat along with Shakespeare, the OldnTestament was Faulkner’s favoritenreading matter, and that, as his fictionnattests, he was well versed in it. Thensecond is that Faulkner realized, ultimately,nthat art and the artist are notnsovereign. What...

Collected Poemsnby Philip Larkinnedited by Anthony ThwaitenNew York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux;n330 pp., $22.50nPhilip Larkin, who died in 1985 atnthe age of 63, has been commonlynregarded as the finest English poet ofnhis time. His reputation is founded notnmerely on the opinion of professionalncritics but on his remarkable popularitynwith readers, including many who rarelynlook at poetry....

Selected Poems of John GouldnFletcher, Vol. InSelected and introduced by LucasnCarpenter and Leighton Randolphn340 pp., $24.95 (cloth), $14.95n(paper)nThe Autobiography of John GouldnFletcher, Vol. IInEdited by Lucas Carpenter,nIntroduction by Ben Kimpeln415 pp., $24.00nArkansas, Vol IIInby John Gould FletchernIntroduction by Harry S. Ashmore;n440 pp., $24.00nSelected Essays of John GouldnFletcher, Vol. IVnEdited and with an Introduction bynLucas Carpentern464...

Understand MenCompletelynby Fred ChappellnSelected One-Act Plays ofnHorton FootenEdited by Gerald C. WoodnDallas: Southern MethodistnUniversity Press; 320 pp.,n$29.95 (cloth), $14.95 (paper)nCousins and The Death of Papa:nThe Final Two Plays From thenOrphans’ Home Cyclenby Horton FootenNew York: Grove Press; 194 pp.,n$18.95 (cloth), $9.95 (paper)nThe Trip to Bountiful, TendernMercies, and To Kill anMockingbird: Three Screenplaysnby Horton FootenNew York:...

victions. “Well, even if you went, younwould have to come back down sometime,nor you would die. Come onnhome with me now.”nFred Chappell’s latest book, due thisnfall from St. Martin’s, is Brighten thenCorner Where You Are. His longnpoem, Midquest, has just beennreprinted by Louisiana StatenUniversity Press.nThe Twenty Years’nWarnby Joseph AdelsonnThe IQ Controversy, the Media,nand Public Policynby...

It is now 20 years since the appearancenof Jensen’s article on earlyneducation—that shot heard around thenworld, initiating the IQ controversy innits modern version. Since then, we havenwitnessed an explosion of new information,nwhich has deepened our view ofnthe issues without seriously altering itsnessential direction. Yet we find the samendivision between the psychometrician’snunderstanding of IQ and that...

During the three months betweennnationalization and the outbreak ofnwar, Egypt proved that it could andnwould operate the Canal responsibly.nHeikal notes that there was no interruptionnof traffic: during the first thirtyndays of the Canal’s operation undernEgyptian control traffic actually increasednby 15 percent, and Egyptnmade no move to raise tolls to financenconstruction of the Aswan Dam, asnsome...

the labyrinth of the world. “Thengreat encyclopedic minds of antiquity—nAristotle, Cicero, Confucius —nwouldn’t have known what a fact was,”nhe writes. “They beheld a kaleidoscopenof interacting principles in which nonevent stays still long enough to have itsntail salted. . . . [knowledge] might entailnthe study of virtually everything.”nAnd so Mazes touches on virtuallyneverything. In the fifty...

a “political pilgrim.” He did not describenin only “positive” terms thenNew Soviet Man. His description ofnthe director of the publication Atheistnis hardly suitable propaganda, and hisnvision of Baku, the petroleum capital,npierces through the repetitive chatter ofnthe Soviet guides: “It was raining, anbiting cold. We waded in the mud,ninside a forest of drilling towers. Thenair was...

enthusiastic reception of Erich MarianRemarque’s All Quiet on the WesternnFront, a work that utterly captivated anninternational audience mired in despair.nSecond, into this malaise flewnCharles Lindbergh, the solitary Americannhero who was treated as a god innEurope. He was seen as the newntechnological messiah, his flight symbolicnof the idea that “Man has beennset loose. Freedom was no...

frequency, has thought his way tonpenetrating answers.nJoseph Baldacchino, author ofnEconomics and the Moral Order, isnassociate editor of Human Eventsnand president of the NationalnHumanities Institute.nThe Terrestrial Godnby Thomas MolnarnSacralizing the Secular: ThenRenaissance Origins of Modernitynby Stephen A. McKnightnBaton Rouge: Louisiana StatenUniversity Press;n131 pp., $25.00nIt all depends on what .we mean byn”sacralizing” and “sacred,” and to anlesser...

OPINIONSnThe Ties That Bindnby Jean Bethke Elshtainn’The state has no tool dehcate enough to deracinate the rooted habits andntangled affections of the family.” — G.K. ChestertonnFamily Questions: Reflections onnthe American Social Crisisnby Allan C. CarlsonnNew Brunswick: Transaction Books;n335 pp., $34.95nAllan Carlson is a humane man, anneffective polemicist, a dedicatednfamilialist, and a scholar trained in macroeconomicntheory...

How the Fourteenth AmendmentnRepealed the Constitutionnby Forrest McDonaldn”It is easier to make certain things legal than to make them legitimate.”n— ChomfortnThe Fourteenth Amendment andnthe Bill of Rightsnby Raoul BergernNorman and London: University ofnOklahoma Press; 169 pp., $18.95nThe evisceration of the federal systemnby the Supreme Court duringnthe last few decades—indeed, most ofnthe modem malfeasance of that...

Mary Shelley: Romancenand Realitynby Emily SunsteinnBoston: Little, Brown and Company;n478 pp., $24.95nWith the publication of the firstnvolume of an expanded editionnof her letters in 1980, and now thisnbiography, Mary Shelley’s reputation isnbeing reconsidered. This renewed attentionnis not due to the perennialninterest in her husband, Percy BysshenShelley, or to one of those periodicnreworkings of her greatest...

The SociologicalnModel of Lawnby Richard NeelynSociological Justicenby Donald BlacknNew York: Oxford University Press;n179 pp., $19.95nThere is an adage among lawyersnand judges that the two commoditiesna consumer never wants to watchnbeing made are sausages and justice.nDonald Black, University Professor ofnthe Social Sciences at the University ofnVirginia, disagrees. Professor Black is ansociologist, and he explains much of...