32 / CHRONICLESnOPINIONSnDreams of Education by E. Christian Kopffn’They say such different things at school.n-W.B. YeatsnThe Legacies of Literacy by HarveynJ. GrafF, Bloomington andnIndianapolis: Indiana UniversitynPress; $57.50.nFrom Humanism to the Humanitiesnby Anthony Grafton and LisanJardine, Gambridge, MA: HarvardnUniversity Press; $27.50.nWilliam Butler Yeats, Senator ofnthe Irish Republic, heard aboutncontemporary trends in education fromn”a kind old nun...

341 CHRONICLESnErasmus’ prestige could stop the Humanists’nlemming march to destruction.nInstead, however, of analyzing whatnwas wrong with the Humanists on thenbasis of their own ideals and those ofntheir contemporary critics, we are treatednto talk of the Establishment. The problemnwith conspiratorialists is not thatnthere are no conspiracies — there arenplenty of them—but the insistence thatnthere is only...

361 CHRONICLESnCut-Flower Moralistsn”Tell me, can you 6nd indeednNothing sure, no moral plannClear prescribed, without your creed?”n-Matthew ArnoldnLeslie Stephen: The GodlessnVictorian by Noel Annan, Chicago:nUniversity of Chicago Press; $14.95.nMarriage and Morals Among thenVictorians by GertrudenHimmelfarb, New York: Alfred A.nKnopf; $19.95.nAwaiting trial for a murder he did notncommit, Dmitri Karamazov is visitednin jail in the closing pages...

Cottage Diplomacy by Michael WardernCitizen Diplomats: Pathfinders innSoviet-American Relations—AndnHow You Can Join Them by GalenWarner and Michael Shuman, NewnYork: Continuum.nThe premise of Citizen Diplomatsnby Gale Warner and Michael Shuman,nwith a foreword by Carl Sagan, isnsimple: America’s elected politicians andnprofessional diplomats have been so inadequatenin managing relations with thenSoviet Union and coping with the nuclearnthreat that...

42 / CHRONICLESnOPINIONSnThe Novel of Ideas by Thomas P. McDonnelln”Death must be distinguished from dying, with whichnit is often confused. “n—Rev. Sydney SmithnThe Thanatos Syndrome by WalkernPercy, New York: Farrar, Straus &nGiroux; $17.95.nThe rarest entity in American writingnis the novelist with ideasn—that is to say, one who is capable ofnwriting the ideological novel. Ofncourse, the...

1n«n(. ••.n1nReason and the Ethical Imaginationn”A perfect democraey is . . .nshameful thing in the world.nWill, Imagination and Reason:nIrving Babbitt and the Problem ofnReality by Claes G. Ryn, Chicago:nRegnery Books; $15.00.nMore than 50 years after hisndeath, hving Babbitt continuesnto evoke a sympathetic response hornnminds and temperaments attuned tonthe ethical world view fostered by classicalnand Christian...

46 / CHRONICLESnStudy in Scarlet by Joseph Schwartzn”The Western custom of one wife and hardly anynmistresses.”n—H.H. MunronRoger’s Version by John Updike,nNew York: Alfred A. Knopf; $17.95.nRoger’s Version, John Updike’s latestnnovel, can be understood bestnif seen in intimate and serious connectionnwith Nathaniel Hawthorne’s ThenScarlet Letter. First, the cast of characters:nHester (Esther), Arthur Dimmesdalen(Dale Kohler), Roger Chillingworthn(Roger...

481 CHRONICLESnPlannednObsolescencenby Tommy W. RogersnNational Economic Planning: WhatnIs Left by Don Lavoie, Washington,nDC: CATO Institute; $9.95.nDr. Lavoie, assistant professor of economicsnat George Mason University,nargues that planning—whether Marxism,neconomic democracy, or otherndesignahon—must inevitably disruptnsocial and economic coordination.nThe problem of how to effechvely usenknowledge in society to produce thengoods and services which the publicnwants cannot be solved by...

28 I CHRONICLESnOPINIONSnThe Treason System by Harold OJ. BrownnLe systeme de trahison {The TreasonnSystem) by Eric Werner, Lausanne,nSwitzerland: L’Age d’Homme.nThe Germans have a word for it:nSchadenfreude. It means, Hterally,nharm-joy, and refers to the nastynbut common human tendency to rejoicenwhen harm comes to someonenelse. In English, we don’t have thenword, but we certainly have the phenomenon.nThink...

the late 20th century A.D., just asnRome had to have such in the thirdncentury B.C. Unfortunately, nownour influence is commercial only; itnis no accident that the Iran-Contranimbroglio, which involves — andnmenaces—our legitimate imperial interests,nrevolves around a financialn”deal”—arms to a hostile tyranny innthe Middle East for cash to help overthrowna hostile tyranny in CentralnAmerica. “Send in...

36 I CHRONICLESnHemingway and the Biographical Heresynby Thomas P. McDonnelln”Vilify! Vilify! Some of it will always stick. “n—BeaumarchaisnHemingway by Kenneth S. Lynn,nNew York: Simon and Schuster;n$24.95.nWhen I learned some time agonthat the critic Kenneth S. Lynnnwas bringing out a book on the latenErnest Hemingway, hard on the heelsnof the large biographical study by JeffreynMyers, I...

38 I CHRONICLESneither critically autonomous or biographicallynsatisfying. One can at leastnaccept, I think, the Hemingway ofnJeffrey Myers as the best of the crop sonfar; whereas it is most difficult, if notnimpossible, to accept Kenneth Lynn’snHemingway on any level, if only because,nin both principle and practice,nit so severely offends what C.S. Lewisnhas called “the personal heresy”—or,nas...

40 I CHRONICLESngion is any sense of human frailty ornsinfulness. Missing, too, is any acknowledgmentnof man’s need for redemptivengrace. Like Prometheus,nwho stole fire from the gods with anfennel stock, Rabi wants to bring thenpowers of heaven within human grasp.n”Mankind is puny and feeble,” Rabindeclares, “as long as it is ignorant. It isnignorant in so far...

421 CHRONICLESnWest Beats EastnHistory of Herodotus, translated bynDavid Grene, Chicago: University ofnChicago Press; $30.00.nAlong with Xenophon and Plutarch,nHerodotus may be the most underappreciatednwriter of antiquity. His Historiesn(by which he meant somethingnlike “investigations”) of the relationsnbetween Greeks and barbarians hasnmore narrative power than most novels,nmore colorful incidents than anyntravel book, and more insight intonhuman nature than...

writer with the single exception ofnHerodotus. Still, he has his admirers,nand modern college students cannotnentirely resist his charm, try as theynmight.nHerodotus has been translated annumber of times into English in thenpast 100 years. George Rawlinson’snstately (but sometimes ponderous) versionnis available (slightly revised)nthrough Modern Library, while Aubreynde Selincourt’s brisk and readablenPenguin is perhaps the most widelynread....

OPINIONSnNational Liberation Literature by F. W. Brownlown”The Devil understands Welsh. “nThe Old Devils by Kingsley Amis,nNew York: Summit; $17.95.nYears ago, in the North Welshntown of Llanrwst, I bought a copynof Dylan Thomas’ Collected Poems,nand a 50-year-olcl Welshman present,na Baptist, teetotalling, nonsmoking,nnondancing insurance agent, said, “Anwonderful boy and a great poet: anterrible loss to Wales.” It...

Greek Jive by Peter Laurien”He fell with a thud to the ground and his armornclattered around him.”n—HomernWar Music: An Account of Booksn16-19 of Homer’s Iliad bynChristopher Logue, New York:nFarrar, Straus & Giroux; $12.95.nW arnMusic, called by its author,nChristopher Logue, an “account”nof four books of the Iliad ofnHomer, is not a minor event. Its receptionnboth in...

30 I CHRONICLESnfear at last” and in his own face. “Letnthe day perish that I was born,”nW.H. Auden guessed that his egocentricnmania, as he called it, was annessentially religious problem, causednby his desperate need for a transcendentnOther and his inability/refusal tonlet go of the self. William Barrett, hisnclosest friend, felt that Schwartz hadnan essentially religious...

Gimme That OV Time Educationn. Fdrm and Limit belong to the Good. “nSchooling as a Ritual Performance:nTowards a Political Economy ofnEducational Symbols and Gesturesnby Peter McLaren, London andnBoston: Routledge & Kegan Paul.nGod’s Choice: The Total World of anFundamentalist Christian School bynAlan Peshkin, Chicago: University ofnChicago Press; $24.95.nLiberals in the United States havenlately gathered around the...

Frog BullfinchnThe Dictionary of Classical Mythologynby Pierre Grimal, translated bynA.R. Maxwell-Hyslop, Oxford andnNew York: Basil Blackwell; $34.95.nA useful handbook on classical mythologynis an indispensable volume fornany library. It is strange that a translationnof Grimal’s 1951 work was needed,nbut here it is. Of the works innEnglish, Smith is too large and out ofndate, while Robert Graves...

36 I CHRONICLESnSchools, restaurants, jobs are integrated.nBlacks, sanctipned by public opinionnand legal favor, are becomingnincreasingly racist. Even so, ruralnblacks and whites still know each othernand mix at work and the crossroadsnstores. Daniels thinks it ironic that “itnhas been rural Southerners who havenmost easily adjusted to the changingnway of life.” Perhaps he does notnrealize that, in...

With scenes in which, acrossnunblemished sands,nUnborn, my children come tontouch my hands.nJane Greer edits Plains Poetry JournalnThe Revenge ofnHistorynby Michael WardernUtopia in Power The History of thenSoviet Union From 1917 to the Presentnby Mikhail Heller and AleksandrnM. Nekrich, New York: SummitnBooks.nHistory has a way of taking its revengenon those who would violate it. It doesnnot...

38 I CHRONICLESndue to the U-2 incident and othernissues is interpreted as a capitulation tonthe Chinese, who distrusted a Soviet-nAmerican accord. It seems more hkelynthat a Soviet desire to catch up innnuclear weapons had to be the primenmotivator—not a concern for Chinesenopinion.nThe authors also believe that thenSoviets sensed President Kennedy’snstrong resolve through his meetingnwith Khrushchev...

30 I CHRONICLESnOPINIONSnA Half-Open Mind by Paul Gottfriedn”The discussion is concerned with no commonplacensubject but with how one ought to live.”n—PlatonThe Closing of the American Mindnby Allan Bloom, New York: Simonnand Schuster.nDuring the month of June, AllannBloom’s observations on the statenof American education climbed theirnway dramatically toward the peak ofnthe New York Times nonfiction best-nseller...

been struck (no less than Max Weber)nby the inevitable relationship betweenncommunal disintegration and an unrestrictednmanagerial state. Unlike traditionalnstates which focus on “the political,”nthe managerial state seeks tonreconstruct social relations and hasnbecome the agent of embattled reformers.nNone of these counterrevolutionarynideas may appeal to Bloom and hisnadmirers, but they do explain morenabout our social problems than do...

own good. And there but for the gracenof feminism go we.nAs a shameless but fitting finale tonthis chorus of ideological excuses fornpersonal dissipation, Gloria Steinemnhas donated her writer’s fee fromnMarilyn: Norma Jean to a “project” ofnher own creation, something callednthe Marilyn Monroe Children’s Fund.nThe name of this fund honors MarilynnMonroe’s “special kinship with children.”nIts work...

42 I CHRONICLESn—that God saves the weak^ that Godnrescues those who moan for the burdennof their sins, that the ChristiannGod helps only those who havenstopped trying to help themselves.nAlas, it was not to be, and evangelicalsnturned once again to power or itsnsubstitutes.nLess Than Conquerors is a disturbingnand powerful book, nowhere morenmoving than when describing the...

44 I CHRONICLESnout, there were those who told thentruth about the terror-famine in thenUkraine: Malcolm Muggeridge, EugenenLyons, William Henry Chamberlain,nGareth Jones. But their evidencenwas widely rejected because itnwas too unsettling. There were alsonthose inevitable countervailing observersnwho said things people were muchnmore willing to accept.nIt may be that the vast majority ofnhuman beings everywhere cannot believensuch...

sonality almost certainly has to come,nand to a frightening extent, from itsnauthor’s own life. In the end, what isnhaunting about Enchantment is thatnyou can’t seem to separate the dancernfrom the dance.nKatherine Dalton writes from NewnYork.nTales Out of SchoolnThe Big Book of Home Learning bynMary Pride, Westchester, IL: CrosswaynBooks; $17.50.nFor many people, education comesndown to a...

22 / CHRONICLESnAn Invisible Man by Russell KirknOPINIONSn”I never desire to eonverse with a man who hasnwritten more than he has read.”n—Samuel JohnsonnGoing to the Territory by RalphnEllison, New York: Random House;n$19.95.nThe late Louis Lomax, columnistnand television personality, hadndelivered a lecture at Ferris State College,nMichigan, when there arose innthe audience a large, militant, blacknactivist. “Lomax,”...

24 / CHRONICLESnThe Third World Revisitedn”Sixty thousand blacks are annually embarked fromnthe coast of Guinea, never to return to their nativencountry; but they are embarked in chains; and thisnconstant emigration which in the space of two centuriesnmight have furnished armies to overrun the globe,naccuses the guilt of Europe and the weakness ofnAfrica.”n—Edward GibbonnThe Tears of...

26 / CHRONICLESnSouth Africa has an economy basednupon cheap black labor. In fact, thenindustry of South Africa is highly automatednand is becoming more so at anrapid pace. If black South Africansnwent on a general strike, the economyncould and would carry on: The woundnwould not be fatal. A mortal wound tonthe economic vitality of South Africanwould...

28 / CHRONICLESnwaiting for those whose freshndesirenwill fell them, fell them,ncome the night.nThe use of allusion lies in its title, thenpastoral form being one of the oldestnclassical poetic traditions. Unlike thenspecific, contemporary diction inn”Bathsheba on the Third Day,” thenlanguage in “Pastoral” is consistentlyngeneralized and timeless, as is its setting.nThe “park,” the “noon sun,” then”grass,” the...

paralyze the U.S. while acceleratingnthe development of their own systemnbehind a screen of deceptions andntreaty violations.nWhile the SDI has won its casenintellectually and enjoys support innpolls, the Soviet strategic defense initiativenis not generally known to thenmajority of Americans dependent fornall they know on the anchormen.nThose tycoons of the cutting roomnprefer to award prime time to...

OPINIONSnPast and Present by Samuel T. Francisn”The handwriting on the wall may be a forgery. “n—Ralph HodgsonnConservatism: Dream and Reality bynRobert Nisbet, Minneapolis:nUniversity of Minnesota Press.nThe Search for Historical Meaning:nHegel and the Postwar AmericannRight by Paul E. Gottfried, DeKalb,nIllinois: Northern Illinois UniversitynPress.nAsteady flow of scholarly works onnthe intellectual roots of modernnconservatism has appeared since thenI950’s....

22 / CHRONICLESnof thinking from the postwar conservativenmovement,” Gottfried concludes,nhas left a theoretical void thatnmay eventually embarrassnAmerican conservatives. Thenintellectual Right has generallyngrown cold to the study ofnhistory, except as a means ofnassailing the far Left’snrevisionism. Having by nownlargely lost a shared vision ofnthe past, conservatives maynsoon find themselves withoutnany vision except that ofndehistoricized persons who...

Old Babbitts Die Hard by Wilfred M. McClayn”Believe me, it’s the fellow with four to ten thousandna year, say, and an automobile and a nice little familynin a bungalow on the edge of town, that makes thenwheels of progress go round. “n—George F. BabbittnFord: The Men and the Machine bynRobert Lacey, Boston: Little,nBrown; $24.95.nThe most...

Fine China by Jonathan Chavesn”In this age of decadence people love antiques andnwillingly submit to deception. “n—Cheng Hsieh, 18th-century Chinesenpoet and painternThe Burning Forest: Essays onnChinese Culture and Politics bynSimon Leys, New York: Holt,nRinehart & Winston.nAnyone who fondly supposes thatnthe Chinese Communists are then”good” Communists should read thisnexciting, powerful book by the Belgiannsinologist Pierre Ryekmans,...

32 / CHRONICLESnInvasion of thenChild-SnatchersnThe Child Abuse Industry: OutrageousnFacts & Everyday RebeUionsnAgainst a System that ThreatensnEvery North American Family bynMary Pride, Westchester, IL: CrosswaynBooks; $8.95.nWho has more rights in the Americannjudicial system—a man accused ofnmurder or one accused of child abuse?nThe accused murderer is guaranteednthe good old English right of trial bynjury; he’s presumed innocent...

34 / CHRONICLESnGrossman’s characters, however,nare not as hfehke as Tolstoy’s. CountnBezukhov, Prince Andrew Bolkonski,nDolokhov, “the beautiful Helena,”nand all the others, even very minorncharacters, are so real that we want tonknow what happened to them after thenevents covered by the story. Tolstoyntries to satisfy this desire with twonepilogues, but we still want to knownmore. This cannot...

36 / CHRONICLESnicy toward lay leadership and piety, annew kind of priest, and a differentnpolitics from one of authority focusednupon the priesthood. Greeley furtherntakes us to Rome during the Councilnand faces us with the issues which, innparticular, related to his understandingnof the sociology of Roman CatholicnChristianity in the West.nBy telling his own story, Greeley hasnmade...

26 / CHRONICLESnOPINIONSnCharacter in Acting by Forrest McDonaldnFranklin of Philadelphia by EsmondnWright, Cambridge: Belknap Pressnof Harvard University Press; $25.00.nA Little Revenge: Benjamin Franklinnand His Son by Willard SternenRandall, Boston: Little, Brown;n$22.50.nTo 18th-century Britons and Americansnwho devoted any seriousnthought to the subject of humannnature—and a great many did—thenconventional starting point was thentheory of the passions, or...

28 / CHRONICLESnsome of them were inconsistent andncontradictory.”nThe conclusions of neither authornare satisfactory. Randall wrenchesnFranklin from his 18th-century context,nwhile Wright seems contentednwith Van Doren’s conclusion thatnSecurity Safari by Odie B. FaulknFranklin was “a harmonious humannmultitude.” But what provided thenharmony, the organizing principle,nthe larger character that unified thenmany small roles? I think it was this:nFranklin set...

30 / CHRONICLESndents set the cause of labor back somen40 years. Similarly, the student riotersnof the late 1960’s and early 1970’s sawnthe public turn against them whennthey began using bombs that broughtnrandom danger to life and property.nIn short, violence has not been “asnAmerican as apple pie” — exceptnamong historians and sociologists whonbend the facts to...

no referee, all things are permissible.nStabler (aptly nicknamed “ThenSnake”) explains his outlook on life innsimple terms: “Getting nowhere fast,nthat was my off-season philosophy. Infigured it wasn’t where you were goingnthat counted because we all end up innthe same place anyway. What reallyncounts is how you get there. Was thentrip fun?” Mantle, on his part, nevernendorses...

rors” of princes and courtiers.nThe upshot of this universal discussionnof sex is devastating. It is enoughnindeed to read the chapter heads in Sexnand Human Loving—“Gender Role,”n”Intimacy and CommunicationnSkills,” or “The Future of Sexuality”n—to eliminate all enjoyment fromnsex. (Let’s continue bearing in mindnthat the puritan purpose is to avoid sin,neven at the price of, especially at...

with a feeling for the whole. What hasnbeen, is, and will be “has a simultaneousnexistenee and composes a simultaneousnorder.” Further, and perhapsnmost important, the historical sense isnthe perception of “the timeless and ofnthe temporal together,” Without thisnsensibility, how could we dare to confrontnhistory? Only, I suggest, in anspirit of willful ignorance. The pastndoes not bury...

28 / CHRONICLESnOPINIONSnEmpire Strikes Baek by William HawkinsnTo sit in darkness here hatching vain empires. “n—MiltonnKitchener: The Man Behind thenLegend by Philip Warner, NewnYork: Atheneum; $15.95.nDuring his discussion of tiie overthrownof feudahsm by the bourgeoisienin his classic Capitalism, So­ncialism and Democracy, JosephnSchumpeter asked whether “in the endnsuch complete emancipation was goodnfor the bourgeois and his...

On the Road Again by Janet Scott Barlown”We would rather run ourselves down than not tonspeak of ourselves at all. “n—La RochefoucauldnSalvation for Sale: An Insider’s Viewnof Pat Robertson’s Ministry bynGerard Thomas Straub, Buffalo,nNY: Prometheus Books.nIt is a signal of things to come thatnGerard Thomas Straub opens hisnbook Salvation for Sale: An Insider’snView of Pat...

34 / CHRONICLESnMartyrs Inc.nOf Prisons and Ideas by MilovannDjilas, San Diego: Harcourt BracenJovanovich; $17.95.n”When I must define my own views,”nwrites Milovan Djilas in his latestnbook, Of Prisons and Ideas, “I identifynthem as ‘democratic socialist.'” Fornthose who find this oxymoronic, Djilas’nwhole book may seem like annexercise in contortion.nTrue to his earlier autobiographicalnworks, Djilas clings to the...