down to the present. For decades, evenncenturies, the icy blasts of winter hissednthrough the slats of poorly maintainednmen’s outhouses, some of which nondoubt collapsed onto their defenselessnusers, causing embarrassment and innmany cases personal injury.nBut from a cultural point of view thenmale outhouse disadvantage was evennmore severe. For in the first place whonbut men were euchred into providingnthe superior maintenance for women’snouthouses? The habits of servility andnself-sacrifice engendered by the impositionnof responsibility for outhousenmaintenance on men have failed to benstamped out to this day. In the secondnplace, a precious part of the malencultural legacy was further eroded withnevery outhouse collapse. There came anpoint when men no longer knew thatnthey once had enjoyed outhouses ofntheir own. The very symbol of men’snonce proud eliminatory status — thensun on the outhouse door — was lostnfrom their gender memory.nIt has been argued, the Times reports,nthat “since women spend morentime in the bathroom than men, womennwill still have to wait longer thannmen if each restroom has the samennumber of sanitary fixtures.” But this isnto apply crude numerical values in annarea where men have suffered psychologicalninjuries of a kind that simplyncannot be measured. The legislature,ninstead of tinkering with the definitionnof “sanitary fixtures,” should be exhibitingnsome sensitivity and understandingnfor what men have lost. The lawmakersncould begin by providing thatnall children, male and female, receivenmandatory instruction in the male outhousenexperience. As for the contemporarynrestroom, the male advantagenderiving from urinals should be restorednuntil such time as men havenbeen compensated for the physicalnabuse and cultural deprivation theynsuffered in the past.n—Peter ShawnGEORGE GARRETT, the novelist,nand zoologist Edward O. Wilsonnare the recipients of the 1989 IngersollnPrizes. Garrett will receive the T.S.nEliot Award for Creative Writing; andnWilson, the Richard M. Weaver Awardnfor Scholady Letters. The awards, eachnof which carries a cash prize ofn$20,000, acknowledge writers of abidingnimportance whose works affirm thenfundamental principles of Western civilization.nGeorge Garrett was born in Orlando,nFlorida, in 1929, and received hisnM.A. from Princeton in 1956. He hasnpublished over 25 major works of fictionnand poetry and is currently thenHoyns Professor of Greative Writing atnthe University of Virginia. Peter Prescottnof Newsweek wrote of his Elizabethannwork. Death of the Fox (1971),nthat it is “surely the best historicalnnovel in many years.” For his historicalnscholarship on this book and The Successionn(1983), Princeton awarded himna Ph.D. Garrett’s recent works includenAn Evening Performance (1985), ancollection of short stories; and PoisonnPen (1986), a series of satirical letters.nHe has recently completed the forthcomingnEntered From the Sun, a novelnabout the mystery surrounding thendeath of Elizabethan playwright GhristophernMarlowe.nEdward O. Wilson was born innBirmingham, Alabama, in 1929, andnin 1955 received his Ph.D. from Harvard,nwhere he is Frank B. Baird, Jr.nProfessor of Science and Gurator innEntomology. Known as the “father ofnsociobiology,” the discipline that investigatesnthe biological foundations ofnsocial behavior in men and animals, hisnbook Sociobiology: The New Synthesisn(1975) earned him the National Medalnof Sciences. Wilson’s other majornworks include On Human Naturen(1978), which won the Pulitzer Prizenfor general nonfiction; The Insect Societiesn(1971); and, most recently,nBiophilia (1984), in which he exploresnthe connections between man and thengreen enclaves of the planet — ournnatural affinity for other life.nThe Ingersoll Foundation is thenphilanthropic division of IngersollnMilling Machine Gompany of Rockford,nIllinois. The Rockford Institutenadministers the prizes. Past recipientsnof the T.S. Eliot Award include WalkernPercy (1988), Octavio Paz (1987),nV.S. Naipaul (1986), Eugene lonescon(1985), Anthony Powell (1984), andnJorge Luis Borges (1983). EdwardnShils (1988), Josef Pieper (1987), AndrewnLyde (1986), Robert Nisbetn(1985), Russell Kirk (1984), and JamesnBurnham (1983) are previous recipientsnof the Richard M. Weaver Award.nnnW E WISH ALSO to congratulatenJoseph Epstein and Ward Just, then1989 recipients of Heartland Prizes.nMr. Epstein, the editor of The AmericannScholar, was a winner in nonfictionnfor his collection of literary criticism.nPartial Payments, and Mr. Justnwon the prize in fiction for his eighthnnovel. Jack Gance. Heartland Prizesncarry a cash prize of $5,000 each, andnthey are given annually by the ChicagonTribune to authors living in the heartnof America or whose books featuren”distinguished writing about the placesnand people of Middle America.”nILLEGAL ALIENS rank high onnany social reformer’s list of priorities.nAt the very time millions of tax dollarsnare being spent to patrol our bordersnand to prosecute the illegals, CUNYn— the City University of New York—nannounced in August that not only willnit continue to welcome illegal aliensninto its fold, but it will now be happy tongive them a tuition break. Starting thisnfall illegal aliens will no longer have tonpay CUNY’s annual out-of-state tuitionnrate of $4,050. If they can provenone year’s residence in New York, andnif they will declare their intent tonremain in the state, they will now benentitled to enroll at the annual residentntuition rate of only $1,250.nCUNY’s University Dean for StudentnServices, Mr. Angelo Proto, believesnthat this new policy could affectnsome 7,500 “undocumented students.”nWhen asked whether by “undocumentednstudents” he meant “illegalnaliens,” he replied, “We call themnundocumented students.”nAccording to Mr. Proto the newntuition policy was enacted to helpn”extend higher education to all residentsnof New York,” whether they ben”documented or undocumented.” Henwas quick to add, “We aren’t doingnanything different from what the city ofnNew York and other cities are doing.”nAnd he’s right. The city of New Yorkndoes extend social services to residentsnregardless of citizenship status, and thisnsummer a committee of New York’snCity Council approved a law to prohibitndiscrimination based on a person’sn”alienage or citizenship status,” meaningndiscrimination against legal andnillegal aliens would now be prohibited.nAlthough the Council maintains it willnNOVEMBER 1989/9n