central concern. The basis of the largernsociety called “the nation” is the smallernsociety of the family. The strength ofn’ society is its anchor of stability in a sea ofnto defend private property from socialism)nand abandoned this issue. Conservatismnhas been in decline ever since.nKristol rejects the egalitarian aspectnKrislol is ;is n;i.sty ;is i-vi-r Ki… nicnilx”r.s ol’ Tlx Stilion f:imjly. I Ic is lovably iriii- U)nllii’ piTSf)iv.i \v liavf enjoyed haling over tin: iltvacli-s.nKolK-rl LekachmannTheSatuninchange. Individuals draw sustenancenand meaning from this system of mutualnsupport. Of course, libertarians havenbranded any coUectivist criterion asnsocialist and many conservatives havenbeen foolish enough to believe them.nHowever, Kristol draws a vital distinctioanSocialism has had two bases of appeal.nTo the intellectuals it has presented thenUtopian ideal of equality. But equality hasnnot been the primary concern of thenmasses. The real mass appeal of socialismnhas been the offer of protection againstnthe storm of anarchy perceived to accompanyneconomic laissez-faire. Whilencapitalism does work, most people arennot in a position strong enough tonweather the occasional bouts of unemployment,nbusiness failure, illness, ornbad luck which befalls them (or whichnthreatens to befall them). In the preindustrialnsociety, there were traditionalnfallback positions available: the extendednfamily, community solidarity,nsubsistance farming. But in our mobile,ninterdependent economy, the individualnis on his own and this lonelinessnscares him.nX he division of labor requires thatneveryone be plugged into the system tonobtain a livelihood. Once the individualnis out of the system or if the system fails,nhe is in trouble. Conservatives of thenearly days of the industrial revolutionnworried about this, alternately complainingnabout the harshness of annimpersonal market and proposing statenintervention to compensate for the lossnof traditional social arrangements.nHowever, conservatives eventually fellnprey to classical economics (the betternChronicles of Culturenof socialism and opposes income equality.nHowever, he wants to restore thenidea of social responsibility to the right.nHe thus draws a distinction between then”social insurance” state and the “redistributive”nstate. The former wouldnprovide relief for temporary problems,nlike unemployment that results from thendynamics of the market economy. Itnwould also provide old-age and medicalninsurance. Such programs would benfinanced as much as possible like realninsurance programs. This differs fromnthe redistributive state in importantnways. Its aim is to alleviate temporaryndistress, not build up a permanent underclassnof dependents. Likewise, its aimnis protection, not revolution. It does notnseek to promote income equality or tonpunish the successfiil. It does not seek tonundermine capitalism or remold societynto conform to Utopian ideals. Instead, asnKristol argues, the paternalism involvednshould be used to foster traditionalnvalues of work and fiimily rather than tonundermine these values, as do currentnprograms.nThere are obvious political advan-nIn the forthcoming issue of CAiroji/c/esq/’CM/ft/re-nDecadencenllic seeming anoniahot the persiMcnt. cer-gr<)\ing appeal ofnsupernatural terror tales in a secular age rests on thenassumption that ps ch( )logical secularization is a phenomenonnthat is uniform and unidirectional, leading inexorabh- into annera of profane consciousness, a totally “disenchanted” world.nHie realit. howex er, is more complex. In the modern world,nno single system of meiuiing has replaced the we;ikened sacredncosmos of the past. .or does any seem likely to. gien the joltsnencountered by the dogmas of rationalism, scientism, andnM:irxism. line modern condition is one of p;irti;il or “arrested”nsecularization in which … public norms of functionality fail tonsatish the desires of m;ui people who. in turn, construct theirnown eclectic. pro ision;tl .systems of “ultimate” meaning.n—from “Horrors in the Age of Disbelief “nbv Robert F. GearvnOpinions & Views—Commendables—In Focus—PerceptiblesnWaste of Money—The American Proscenium—ScreennMusic—Notables—Liberal Culture—-Journalismnnn