But such hiccups are more than compensatedrnfor by the wealth of good thingsrnthe volume contains. There are classicrnpieces by Michael Oakeshott (“ThernMasses in Representative Democracy”),rnMichael Polanyi (“The Eclipse ofrnThought”), and Cyril Darlington (“ThernImpact of Man Upon Nature”), and lessrnwell-known reprints that certainly meritrnresuscitation. A good example is PhiliprnRiefFs 1983 article on “The ImpossiblernCulture,” which uses the trial of OscarrnWilde to launch a fascinating discussionrnabout how Wilde’s grungier, less wittyrnsuccessors are still striving to create a societyrnboth “socialist” (by which Wildernmeant universally rich) and “free” (byrnwhich he meant universally expressive).rnThere are also many excellent new essays,rnnotably those by Anne Glyn-Jonesrnon sensationalism in entertainment,rnwhich includes an interesting mini-historyrnof classical theater, and Mark Ryan’srn”Turning on the Audience,” to which Irnam indebted for the Dundee anecdoternabove. Robert Brustein, theatre critic ofrnthe New Republic, attempts to chart a wayrnforward for culture-bearers, between arnleft which is “mired in sentiment orrnparalysed with guilt” and the traditionalistrnright, whose “moral correctness” canrnlikewise sHfle high art, and he wondersrngloomily if Tocqueville was correct in hisrnsupposition that high art and democracyrnare incompatible. Claire Fox, formerrnpublisher of Lmng Marxism, claims thatrnthe massive expansion of university educationrnthat began under MargaretrnThatcher has not been thought throughrnproperly. (Blair has said that he wantsrnhalf of all Britons to obtain university degrees,rnbut he is unwilling to back up hisrnfine words with more money—nor arernthe degrees as worth having as thev usedrnto be, since top universihes are now “encouraged”rnto select applicants by postalrncode instead of abiliU’.)rnM O V I N G ?rnSend change of addressrnand the mailing label fromrnyour latest issue to:rnCHRONICLESrnSubscription Dept.rnP.O. Box 800rnMount Morris, IL 61054rnFinance writer Dominic Hobson deploresrntoday’s prevailing ideology, whichrnis more concerned with efficiency andrnnovelty than with passe concepts like libertyrnor the national interest. From thisrneconomically reductionist market perspective,rnhe says, most dumbing-downrninitiatives flow. But Hobson takes an optimisticrnlong-term view, applaudingrnthose who operate within the ever-growingrn”black economy” and insisting that itrnwill allow more and more people to escapernfrom the bureaucrats and extortionistsrnof central government.rnAnd so Dumbing Down proceeds —rnpage after page of wise insights, acerbicrnobservations, and (mostly) demonstrablernpropositions, impelled by a keen sense ofrnindignation about what is happening tornour civilization and to human beingsrnmore generally. As a primer on the phenomenonrnof meretricious repackagingrnand the commodification of life, it is likelyrnto rule unchallenged for a long time torncome.rnDerek Turner is the editor of Right Now!,rnpublished in London.rnMissedrnOpportunitiesrnby the Rev. Msgr. Stephen M.rnDiGiovanni, H.E.D.rnThe Defamation of Pius XIIrnby Ralph MclnemyrnSouth Bend, IN: St. Augustine’s Press;rn211 pp., $19.00rnThe Defamation of Pius XII recountsrnthe heroic efforts of Pope Pius XIIrnand members of the European Catholicrnhierarchy, clergy, religious, and laity tornsave hundreds of thousands of Jews fromrnfiitler’s “final solution.” Pius XII beganrnthis work before the outbreak of WorldrnWar II and continued it throughout thernwar years. It was part of a larger program,rninitiated by Pope Pius XI, to safeguardrnthe dignitv of the human person fromrn”the usurpation of every human and divinernright” (New York Times, October 30,rn1939) by the totalitarian states of Mussolini,rnHitler, and Stalin.rnThe Pope’s words form part of thernfoundation for similar efforts made by thernpresent pontiff against world governmentrnand global business. The CatholicrnChurch alone, as Albert Einstein wroternin 1940, repeatedly protested against thernpolicies and actions of the Third Reich.rnFollowing the war, the entire worldrnpraised Pius XII and the Church for thernsacrifices made to save, by some estimates,rnnearly one million Jews from therndeath camps.rnRalph Mclnerny’s thesis is that the present-rnday false accusations against Pius XIIrnare really attacks against the CatholicrnChurch, and a compelling case can bernmade for this argument. Stalin triedrnidentical tactics immediately after thernwar, as he worked for control of EasternrnEurope. The logic then, as it is now, wasrnto raise questions in the minds of thernfaithful: If the Roman Catholic Churchrnhad a hand in the horrors brought on byrnHitler, how could it be trusted today?rnThe Catholic Church was the sole obstaclernto Stalin’s aggression in Eastern Europe.rnSpeaking through Izvestia, Stalinrnemployed the hierarchy of the RussianrnOrthodox Church to point accusatoryrnfingers at the Pope, charging him withrneverything from beginning the war andrncooperating with Hitler to plotting therntakeover of the world. Even,’one, includingrnthe New York Times, knew therncharges to be rubbish (New York Times,rnApril 17,1945). The first published mentionrnof the false charge that the Pope hadrnbeen silent about the “final solution” wasrnmade after his death in 1958, when therncommunist paper L’Humanite wrote thatrnthe Pope should be criticized “for notrnhaving taken a stand against the Nazirnconcentration camps during the war.”rnRolf Hochhuth’s play The Deputy, writtenrnin the early I960’s, gave the false accusationsrna worldwide airing. Today, thernmedia attack the Church by attackingrnPius XII in accordance with the same logic:rnundermine the Church’s credibilityrnby accusing it of complicity in horrificrncrimes against humanity during WorldrnWar II, as well as of participation in thernmythological atrocities of the Crusades,rnthe conquest of the Americas, and everyrnother politically incorrect event in Westernrnhistory.rnDr. Mclnerny’s book presents the conclusionsrnmade by other authors aboutrnPius XII. He quotes my work on Pius XIIrnas reported by the New York Times, butrnwithout crediting it. He uses no primaryrnhistorical texts, principally relying insteadrnon quotations and research from otherrn28/CHRONICLESrnrnrn